Ⅴ.阅读理解。
Charles Darwin, a famous scientist,
loved nature from a young age. Even as a
child, he showed a deep interest in the living
world around him, which later became the
foundation of his life's work.
As a boy, he was very curious. He
enjoyed collecting things like rocks, coins,
and insects, and kept them carefully in
small boxes. He would spend hours
watching birds and animals in the
countryside, taking notes on their behaviors
and appearances. His family thought he was
not very interested in schoolwork, but he
was actually learning actively from the world
around him—observing, questioning, and
exploring in his own way.
This early curiosity led to his great
journey on the ship HMS Beagle. During
that trip, he made many observations that
later helped him write about evolution, one
of the most important scientific ideas in
history.
Darwin's story teaches us that
sometimes, great exploration begins not
with expensive tools or distant travel, but
with simple curiosity and careful observation
right where you are. By paying attention to
the everyday wonders around us, we too can
start our own journey of discovery.
()1. What was young Charles Darwin
like?
A. He was only interested in
schoolwork.
B. He was curious and loved collecting
things.
C. He disliked watching animals.
D. He wanted to be a sailor.
()2. Which is the right order of the
following facts about Darwin?
①He collected insects as a boy.
②He wrote about evolution.
③He went on a journey on HMS
Beagle.
④He watched birds in the
countryside.
A. ①—④—③—②
B. ④—①—③—②
C. ③—②—①—④
D. ②—③—④—①
()3. What can we learn from Darwin's
story?
A. Schoolwork is not important.
B. Curiosity and observation can
start great exploration.
C. You must travel far to learn
about nature.
D. Collecting things is a waste of
time.
()4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ship HMS Beagle.
B. How to collect insects.
C. The theory of evolution.
D. How curiosity led to science.

Ⅴ.阅读理解。
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D

【分析】
做这篇人物传记类阅读理解时，首先先通读全文梳理脉络：本文先介绍达尔文从小热爱自然、充满好奇心的日常表现，再讲这份好奇心支撑他完成环球航行、提出进化论，最后点明文章传递的道理。之后逐题带着题干关键词回原文定位，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除与原文不符、无中生有的错误选项，就能选出正确答案：
1. 第一题问幼年达尔文的特点，直接定位第二段内容，找到描述他性格和行为的语句，排除明显错误的选项即可；
2. 第二题是事件排序题，先在原文中找到四个事件各自出现的位置，按照文章叙述的时间先后排列顺序即可；
3. 第三题问故事给我们的启示，直接定位文章最后一段的主旨句，匹配对应选项；
4. 第四题问全文主旨，梳理全文核心线索“好奇心推动达尔文取得科学成就”，排除只对应局部内容的片面选项即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段"As a boy, he was very curious. He enjoyed collecting things like rocks, coins, and insects"可知，小时候的达尔文充满好奇心，喜欢收集各类物品。选项A（他只对功课感兴趣）和原文家人认为他对功课兴趣不高的表述矛盾；选项C（他不喜欢观察动物）和原文他花数小时在乡间观察鸟兽的表述矛盾；选项D（他想当水手）原文完全未提及，因此选B。
2. 事件排序题：梳理原文事件时间线：首先是幼年时期他收集昆虫①，之后他在乡间观察鸟类④，之后这份早期的好奇心让他登上HMS贝格尔号开启旅程③，旅途中的大量观察最终帮他完成了进化论相关的著作②，正确顺序为①—④—③—②，对应选项A。
3. 细节理解题：根据最后一段"Darwin's story teaches us that sometimes, great exploration begins not with expensive tools or distant travel, but with simple curiosity and careful observation right where you are"可知，好奇心和细致观察可以开启伟大的探索。选项A（功课不重要）属于错误引申，原文从未否定功课的意义；选项C（必须远行才能了解自然）和原文表述矛盾；选项D（收集物品浪费时间）和原文表述完全相反，因此选B。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕核心线索“达尔文从小的好奇心一步步引导他完成科学探索、取得重大科学成就”展开，对应选项D。选项A、B、C都只是文中提到的局部细节，不能概括全文主旨，因此选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
人物传记类阅读，细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的英语阅读题，所有考点基本都能在原文中直接找到对应依据，没有设置复杂的推断类考点，学生只要掌握带着题干关键词回原文定位的解题方法，避开无中生有、片面引申的干扰项，就能顺利得到满分，适合用来巩固阅读基础解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.8