Ⅰ Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives.
1. young
2. nice
3. far
4. early
5. short
6. late

1. younger, youngest 2. nicer, nicest
3. farther/further, farthest/furthest
4. earlier, earliest
5. shorter, shortest 6. later, latest

【分析】
这道题要求写出给定形容词的比较级和最高级形式，解题时首先要回忆形容词比较级、最高级的不同变形规则，先判断每个形容词所属的变形类别：普通单音节词直接加er/est、不发音e结尾直接加r/st、辅音+y结尾变y为i加er/est、不规则特殊变化，再对应规则逐个推导，注意特殊不规则形容词far有两组合法的变形形式，不要漏写正确的变体即可完成作答。
【解析】
1. 形容词young属于常规单音节形容词，符合一般变形规则：直接在词尾加-er得到比较级，加-est得到最高级，对应形式为younger、youngest。
2. 形容词nice是以不发音字母e结尾的形容词，变形规则为直接在词尾加-r构成比较级，加-st构成最高级，对应形式为nicer、nicest。
3. 形容词far是不规则变化形容词，存在两组合规的比较级和最高级：指代实际距离的远近时用farther（比较级）、farthest（最高级），指代抽象程度的深浅时用further（比较级）、furthest（最高级），两组均为正确形式。
4. 形容词early是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节形容词，变形规则为先将词尾的y变为i，再加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级，对应形式为earlier、earliest。
5. 形容词short属于常规单音节形容词，直接在词尾加-er、-est即可得到对应比较级和最高级，对应形式为shorter、shortest。
6. 形容词late是以不发音字母e结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加-r、-st即可得到对应比较级和最高级，对应形式为later、latest。
【答案】
1. younger, youngest 2. nicer, nicest
3. farther/further, farthest/furthest
4. earlier, earliest
5. shorter, shortest 6. later, latest
【知识点】
形容词比较级，形容词最高级，形容词变形规则
【点评】
本题是形容词等级变形的基础练习题，覆盖了规则变形的三类常见情况和特殊不规则变形的核心考点，能够帮助学生夯实形容词比较级、最高级的变形规则记忆，易错点是特殊词far的两组变形容易被遗漏，需要学生区分不同变体的使用场景加深记忆。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with proper English words according to the Chinese given.
7. The new sofa is so (舒适的) that I can sit on it for hours without feeling tired.
8. Guangzhou is famous for its (当地的) food and beautiful flowers.
9. There was a (猛烈的) smell of coffee from the street.
10. We booked a room at a lovely (宾馆) for our family vacation.
11. There is a (巨大的) difference between traveling by train and by plane.
12. Some students want to visit the museum, and (其他的) students want to go to the beach.
13. The sound of the (瀑布) was so loud that it woke up everyone in the campsite.

7. comfortable 8. local 9. powerful 10. hotel
11. huge 12. other 13. waterfall

【分析】
这是一道根据中文提示补全句子的基础题型，解题时首先需要通读每个句子，明确句子整体含义，判断空格处所需要的词性：大部分空格位于冠词之后、名词之前，需要填写形容词，部分空格前有定冠词，需要填写名词；再结合给出的中文提示，匹配对应语义的常用英文单词，同时注意空格前的冠词提示，大部分空格前有不定冠词a，说明填写的单词不需要做复数、比较级等变形，直接写出正确拼写即可。
【解析】
7. 句意：这款新沙发如此舒适，我能在上面坐数小时都不觉得累。so...that...结构中so后需接形容词原级，中文提示“舒适的”对应英文comfortable，符合语境。
8. 句意：广州以当地美食和美丽的花卉闻名。此处需要形容词修饰后面的名词food，中文提示“当地的”对应英文local。
9. 句意：街上传来一股浓烈的咖啡气味。此处需要形容词修饰名词smell，中文提示“猛烈的”描述气味浓烈时对应常用英文powerful。
10. 句意：我们为家庭度假在一家很不错的宾馆预订了房间。空格前有不定冠词a，需填可数名词单数，中文提示“宾馆”对应英文hotel。
11. 句意：坐火车旅行和坐飞机旅行之间存在巨大差异。此处需要形容词修饰名词difference，中文提示“巨大的”对应英文huge。
12. 句意：一些学生想要参观博物馆，其他学生想要去海滩。此处修饰后面的名词students，中文提示“其他的”对应英文other，构成常用搭配some...other...。
13. 句意：瀑布的声响太大，吵醒了营地里的所有人。中文提示“瀑布”对应名词waterfall，符合语境。
【答案】
7. comfortable 8. local 9. powerful 10. hotel 11. huge 12. other 13. waterfall
【知识点】
常用单词拼写、形容词用法、固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中低年级难度的基础词汇考查题，考点全部围绕课标要求掌握的核心常用词汇展开，没有设置变形陷阱，学生只要熟记对应中文的英文单词拼写、能准确判断空格词性即可顺利得分，是巩固基础词汇的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅲ. Rewrite the sentences as required.
14. The environment in the town is worse than before. (改为同义句)
The environment in the town is not before.
15. Bob is five feet tall, and Jim is five feet tall, too. (改为同义句)
Bob is Jim.
16. This yellow coat is cheaper than that blue one. (改为同义句)
That blue coat isn't this yellow one.
17. David is as smart as his brother. (改为否定句)

14. as good as 15. as tall as 16. as cheap as
17. David isn't as smart as his brother.

【分析】
这几道题均围绕形容词比较级和同级比较结构的同义转换展开，解题思路如下：1. 先读懂原句的语义，明确两个比较对象的属性差异/等同关系；2. 回忆核心转换规则：“A+形容词比较级+than+B”的对等反向表达可以用“A not as/so + 对应形容词原级 + as + B”，表示A不如B……；3. 遇到肯定的as...as结构改否定句，直接在句中的be动词后加not即可，其余成分保持不变，确保改写后语义和原句完全一致。
【解析】
14. 原句含义为“镇上的环境比以前更差”，等同于“镇上的环境不如以前好”，使用同级比较结构not as good as表示“不如……好”，因此填as good as。
15. 原句说明Bob和Jim身高都是五英尺，二人身高完全等同，用as tall as表示“和……一样高”，因此填as tall as。
16. 原句含义为“这件黄色外套比那件蓝色外套便宜”，等同于“那件蓝色外套不如这件黄色外套便宜”，使用not as cheap as表示“不如……便宜”，因此填as cheap as。
17. 原句是含be动词的肯定同级比较句，改为否定句只需在be动词is后加not，其余内容保留不变，即得到改写后的句子。
【答案】
14. as good as
15. as tall as
16. as cheap as
17. David isn't as smart as his brother.
【知识点】
as...as同级比较，比较级同义转换，陈述句变否定句
【点评】
本题属于基础的句型改写题，核心考察比较级和as...as同级比较结构的互换规则，只要准确把握两种比较结构的语义对应关系，注意不要把形容词的语义写反，就能顺利完成改写，是巩固形容词比较知识点的典型习题。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅳ. Reading comprehension.
A man called Nan Duoduo from Chengdu, Sichuan, made a special trip during his
May Day holiday last year. He climbed to the tops of the Five Great Mountains in China. And he did it in just five days!
Nan Duoduo loves going on trips a lot. He thought of this cool idea a month before the holiday. He wanted to visit all the Five Great Mountains in five days, so he made a very detailed plan for it. He planned every minute of his trip. He did this to make sure he could catch all the trains on time and that everything would go well.
Nan Duoduo left Chengdu on 28th April after work for the first stop—Mount Heng in Hunan. Then he went to Mount Song in Henan, Mount Tai in Shandong, and Mount Heng in Shanxi. His last stop was Mount Hua in Shaanxi. Then he left for Chengdu on the afternoon of 3rd May and got back home that night.
The trip sounded very tiring, but Nan Duoduo felt OK about it. That's because he has the habit of hiking and running. For him, the most difficult thing was to get a train ticket in time. "There were so many people on vacation," he said.
Nan Duoduo spent about 4,000 yuan on his trip. He said he couldn't make it without the great transportation system. "Nan Duoduo's story is not just cool. It also shows how good our country's transportation system is!" said one person.
()18. What was special about Nan Duoduo's trip?
A. He went around on foot.
B. He made the trip for free.
C. He visited many places in a short time.
D. He visited the Five Great Mountains in Sichuan.
()19. What did Nan Duoduo do for his trip?
A. He did exercise every day.
B. He made a good plan for it.
C. He asked his friends for some help.
D. He talked about his idea with his parents.
()20. Which mountain did Nan Duoduo climb last?
A. Mount Tai in Shandong. B. Mount Song in Henan.
C. Mount Heng in Shanxi. D. Mount Hua in Shaanxi.
()21. Which of the following may Nan Duoduo use to describe his trip?
A. Exciting. B. Hard. C. Relaxing. D. Scary.

18.C 19.B 20.D 21.A

【分析】
这是一篇人物故事类阅读理解，以细节理解和简单推理题为核心，解题时可以先标注每道题干的关键词，回到原文对应段落定位信息，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文描述的错误选项，即可得到正确答案。第18题核心关键词是special about his trip，定位首段找行程的特殊之处；第19题关键词是what he did for his trip，定位第二段找他为旅行做的准备；第20题关键词是which mountain climb last，定位第三段找行程顺序；第21题关键词是describe his trip，结合全文人物态度做合理推断即可。
【解析】
18. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段内容“He climbed to the tops of the Five Great Mountains in China. And he did it in just five days!”，可知他仅用5天就完成了登顶五岳的行程，短时间内游览了多处景点，这是本次行程的特殊之处。选项A文中未提及全程步行；选项B文中提到他本次旅行花费约4000元，并非免费；选项D五岳分布在多个省份，并非全部位于四川，表述错误。因此选C。
19. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段内容“so he made a very detailed plan for it. He planned every minute of his trip.”，可知他为本次旅行制定了非常详尽的计划。选项A文中仅提到他有徒步和跑步的习惯，并未说明他为本次旅行每天锻炼；选项C、D文中完全没有提及向朋友求助、和父母商量想法的相关内容，均排除。因此选B。
20. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段明确描述“His last stop was Mount Hua in Shaanxi.”，可知他最后攀登的是位于陕西的华山，对应选项内容。因此选D。
21. 推理判断题：Nan Duoduo主动策划了这个极具挑战性的创意行程，虽然行程疲惫但他凭借日常运动的习惯完全可以适应，还感慨国家交通系统的便利，认为这次经历非常酷，能看出他对本次行程的态度是积极兴奋的。选项B“艰难的”不符合原文他表示自己对行程感觉良好的描述；选项C“放松的”和行程非常紧凑劳累的事实矛盾；选项D“可怕的”在文中完全没有相关依据，均排除。因此选A。
【知识点】
细节信息定位，语篇推理判断
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的人物故事类阅读题，绝大多数题目都可以直接在原文中找到明确的对应信息，仅最后一道题需要结合人物态度做简单推断，主要考察学生快速抓取题干关键词、准确定位原文信息的阅读能力，适合巩固阅读基础的训练。
【难度系数】
0.8