一、选择题(每小题 4 分,共 20 分)
1. 在下列各式中,是最简二次根式的是(
A. $\sqrt{18}$
B. $\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{2}}$
C. $\sqrt{a^{2}+4a^{4}}$
D. $\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}$
1. 在下列各式中,是最简二次根式的是(
D
)A. $\sqrt{18}$
B. $\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{2}}$
C. $\sqrt{a^{2}+4a^{4}}$
D. $\sqrt{a^{2}+b^{2}}$
答案
D
2. 等式“(
A.6
B.3
C.$3\sqrt{2}$
D.$\sqrt{6}$
A
)$÷ \sqrt{18}=\sqrt{2}$”中,括号内应填入(A
)A.6
B.3
C.$3\sqrt{2}$
D.$\sqrt{6}$
答案
A
3. 估算$\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{5}}× \sqrt{50}$的结果应在(
A.1 与 2 之间
B.2 与 3 之间
C.3 与 4 之间
D.4 与 5 之间
C
)A.1 与 2 之间
B.2 与 3 之间
C.3 与 4 之间
D.4 与 5 之间
答案
C
4. 下列计算中,正确的是(
A.$\sqrt{18}÷ \sqrt{2}=\sqrt{6}$
B.$(4\sqrt{2})^{2}=8$
C.$\sqrt{(-2)^{2}}=2$
D.$2\sqrt{3}× 2\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{6}$
C
)A.$\sqrt{18}÷ \sqrt{2}=\sqrt{6}$
B.$(4\sqrt{2})^{2}=8$
C.$\sqrt{(-2)^{2}}=2$
D.$2\sqrt{3}× 2\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{6}$
答案
C
5. 化简$a\sqrt{-\dfrac{3}{a}}$的结果是(
A.$\sqrt{-3a}$
B.$\sqrt{3a}$
C.$-\sqrt{-3a}$
D.$\sqrt{-3}$
C
)A.$\sqrt{-3a}$
B.$\sqrt{3a}$
C.$-\sqrt{-3a}$
D.$\sqrt{-3}$
答案
C
二、填空题(每小题 4 分,共 20 分)
6. 计算:$2\sqrt{2}× \dfrac{\sqrt{12}}{4}÷ \sqrt{27}=$
6. 计算:$2\sqrt{2}× \dfrac{\sqrt{12}}{4}÷ \sqrt{27}=$
$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$
.答案
$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}$
7. 若等式$\sqrt{\dfrac{x-3}{4-x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-3}}{\sqrt{4-x}}$成立,则$x$的取值范围是
$3≤ x<4$
.答案
3≤ x<4
8. 若点$P(a,2)$与$Q(-1,b)$关于原点对称,则$\sqrt{2a - 3b}÷ \sqrt{-\dfrac{a}{3b}}=$
$4\sqrt{3}$
.答案
$4\sqrt{3}$
9. 已知实数$m$满足$\sqrt{(2 - m)^{2}}+\sqrt{m - 4}=m^{2}$,则$m=$
8
.答案
8
10. 当$\dfrac{x + 1}{\sqrt{x}}÷ \dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2}$的值是整数时,满足条件的整数$x$的值为
1或2
.答案
1或2
三、解答题(共 60 分)
11. (24 分)把下列二次根式化成最简二次根式:
(1)$\sqrt{360}$;
(2)$\sqrt{1.4}$;
(3)$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{5}}$;
(4)$-\sqrt{6\dfrac{2}{3}}$;
(5)$a\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}$;
(6)$6\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{12}}$;
(7)$\sqrt{50a^{2}b}(a>0)$;
(8)$\dfrac{n}{m}\sqrt{-\dfrac{m}{n}}(n<0)$.
11. (24 分)把下列二次根式化成最简二次根式:
(1)$\sqrt{360}$;
(2)$\sqrt{1.4}$;
(3)$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{5}}$;
(4)$-\sqrt{6\dfrac{2}{3}}$;
(5)$a\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}$;
(6)$6\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{12}}$;
(7)$\sqrt{50a^{2}b}(a>0)$;
(8)$\dfrac{n}{m}\sqrt{-\dfrac{m}{n}}(n<0)$.
答案
解:原式$=\sqrt {36×10}$
$=6\sqrt {10}$
解:原式$=\sqrt {\frac {7}{5}}$
$=\frac {\sqrt {35}}{5}$
解:原式$=\frac {\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {5}}$
$=\frac {\sqrt {10}}{5}$
解:原式$=-\sqrt {\frac {20}{3}}$
$=-\frac {2\sqrt {15}}{3}$
$=6\sqrt {10}$
解:原式$=\sqrt {\frac {7}{5}}$
$=\frac {\sqrt {35}}{5}$
解:原式$=\frac {\sqrt {2}}{\sqrt {5}}$
$=\frac {\sqrt {10}}{5}$
解:原式$=-\sqrt {\frac {20}{3}}$
$=-\frac {2\sqrt {15}}{3}$
12. (24 分)计算:
(1)$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{45}}÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{1\dfrac{3}{5}}$;
(2)$\sqrt{3a^{2}}÷ 3\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{2}}× \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3}}$;
(3)$\dfrac{3}{4}\sqrt{48}÷ (-\sqrt{6})× \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{24}$;
(4)$3\sqrt{18}× \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}÷ 2\sqrt{6}$;
(5)$\sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{4}}÷ 3\sqrt{28}× 5\sqrt{2\dfrac{2}{7}}$;
(6)$\dfrac{2}{y}\sqrt{xy^{5}}× (-\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{x^{3}y})÷ \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}$.
(1)$\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{45}}÷ \dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{1\dfrac{3}{5}}$;
(2)$\sqrt{3a^{2}}÷ 3\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{2}}× \dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3}}$;
(3)$\dfrac{3}{4}\sqrt{48}÷ (-\sqrt{6})× \dfrac{1}{6}\sqrt{24}$;
(4)$3\sqrt{18}× \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}÷ 2\sqrt{6}$;
(5)$\sqrt{2\dfrac{1}{4}}÷ 3\sqrt{28}× 5\sqrt{2\dfrac{2}{7}}$;
(6)$\dfrac{2}{y}\sqrt{xy^{5}}× (-\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{x^{3}y})÷ \dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}$.
答案
解:原式$=\sqrt {a²·\frac {1}{a}}$
$=\sqrt {a}$
解:原式$=6×\frac {5}{2\sqrt {3}}$
$=6×\frac {\sqrt {15}}{6}$
$=\sqrt {15}$
解:原式$=5a\sqrt {2b}$
解:原式$=\frac {n}{m}·\sqrt {-\frac {mn}{n²}}$
$=-\frac {\sqrt {-mn}}{m}$
解:原式$=\frac {2}{3}×\sqrt {\frac {2}{45}}×\sqrt {\frac {5}{8}}$
$=\frac {2}{3}\sqrt {\frac {2}{45}×\frac {5}{8}}$
$=\frac {1}{9}$
解:原式$=\frac {1}{6}\sqrt {3a^2×\frac {2}{a}×\frac {2a}{3}}$
$=\frac {1}{6}\sqrt {4a^2}$
$=\frac {a}{3}$
解:原式$=3\sqrt {3}÷(-\sqrt {6})×\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}$
$=3×(-1)×\frac {1}{3}×\sqrt {3×\frac {1}{6}×6}$
$=-\sqrt {3}$
解:原式$=(3×\frac {1}{6}÷2)×\sqrt {18×3÷6}$
$=\sqrt {\frac {9}{4}}$
$=\frac {3}{4}$
解:原式$=\frac {1}{3}×5\sqrt {\frac {9}{4}×\frac {1}{28}×\frac {16}{7}}$
$=\frac {5}{7}$
解:原式$=-\frac {2}{y}×\frac {3}{2}×3\sqrt {xy^2· x^3y· \frac {x}{y}}$
$=-\frac {9}{y}\sqrt {x^5y^2}$
$=-9x^2y\sqrt {xy}$
$=\sqrt {a}$
解:原式$=6×\frac {5}{2\sqrt {3}}$
$=6×\frac {\sqrt {15}}{6}$
$=\sqrt {15}$
解:原式$=5a\sqrt {2b}$
解:原式$=\frac {n}{m}·\sqrt {-\frac {mn}{n²}}$
$=-\frac {\sqrt {-mn}}{m}$
解:原式$=\frac {2}{3}×\sqrt {\frac {2}{45}}×\sqrt {\frac {5}{8}}$
$=\frac {2}{3}\sqrt {\frac {2}{45}×\frac {5}{8}}$
$=\frac {1}{9}$
解:原式$=\frac {1}{6}\sqrt {3a^2×\frac {2}{a}×\frac {2a}{3}}$
$=\frac {1}{6}\sqrt {4a^2}$
$=\frac {a}{3}$
解:原式$=3\sqrt {3}÷(-\sqrt {6})×\frac {\sqrt {6}}{3}$
$=3×(-1)×\frac {1}{3}×\sqrt {3×\frac {1}{6}×6}$
$=-\sqrt {3}$
解:原式$=(3×\frac {1}{6}÷2)×\sqrt {18×3÷6}$
$=\sqrt {\frac {9}{4}}$
$=\frac {3}{4}$
解:原式$=\frac {1}{3}×5\sqrt {\frac {9}{4}×\frac {1}{28}×\frac {16}{7}}$
$=\frac {5}{7}$
解:原式$=-\frac {2}{y}×\frac {3}{2}×3\sqrt {xy^2· x^3y· \frac {x}{y}}$
$=-\frac {9}{y}\sqrt {x^5y^2}$
$=-9x^2y\sqrt {xy}$
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