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四、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
体裁: 说明文 主题: 人与动物 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /10
Birds are famous for waking up early. But in a recent study, scientists 1 (discover) that bright lights are costing birds an average of 50 minutes of sleep each night.
Brent Pease and Neil Gilbert led the research. They used a special recording device called PUC. It doesn’t just record bird songs, but uses artificial intelligence to identify the birds that are singing. 2 device also records time, location, and weather information, and reports all of this over the Internet. Pease and Gilbert decided to use this information 3 (study) how light pollution was affecting birds.
Light pollution happens 4 too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal. It’s known that bright city lights can be confusing and deadly for migrating birds. But these two 5 (research) wanted to find out how birds were influenced when they lived in areas with light pollution.
They found that light pollution had a huge influence 6 how active the birds were in the morning and evening. In bright areas, birds began singing an average of 18 minutes early. At night, they sang for an extra 32 minutes on average. That means birds in areas with strong light pollution are staying up an average of 50 minutes 7 (long) every day. What’s more, the light exerted a stronger effect on birds that have larger eyes compared to their body size. Birds that nest in dark areas didn’t seem to be affected 8 (great) by light pollution.
The scientists say it’s 9 (worry) that the natural patterns of birds are being interrupted(打扰). But they say it’s still unknown 10 staying up longer is actually harmful(有害的) to the birds. They say it’s possible that the birds are adjusting somehow.
1.
6.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
体裁: 说明文 主题: 人与动物 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /10
Birds are famous for waking up early. But in a recent study, scientists 1 (discover) that bright lights are costing birds an average of 50 minutes of sleep each night.
Brent Pease and Neil Gilbert led the research. They used a special recording device called PUC. It doesn’t just record bird songs, but uses artificial intelligence to identify the birds that are singing. 2 device also records time, location, and weather information, and reports all of this over the Internet. Pease and Gilbert decided to use this information 3 (study) how light pollution was affecting birds.
Light pollution happens 4 too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal. It’s known that bright city lights can be confusing and deadly for migrating birds. But these two 5 (research) wanted to find out how birds were influenced when they lived in areas with light pollution.
They found that light pollution had a huge influence 6 how active the birds were in the morning and evening. In bright areas, birds began singing an average of 18 minutes early. At night, they sang for an extra 32 minutes on average. That means birds in areas with strong light pollution are staying up an average of 50 minutes 7 (long) every day. What’s more, the light exerted a stronger effect on birds that have larger eyes compared to their body size. Birds that nest in dark areas didn’t seem to be affected 8 (great) by light pollution.
The scientists say it’s 9 (worry) that the natural patterns of birds are being interrupted(打扰). But they say it’s still unknown 10 staying up longer is actually harmful(有害的) to the birds. They say it’s possible that the birds are adjusting somehow.
1.
discovered
2. The
3. to study
4. when
5. researchers
6.
on
7. longer
8. greatly
9. worrying
10. whether/if
答案
四、【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家通过研究发现光污染对鸟类作息时间的显著影响。
1. discovered 句意:但在最近的研究中,科学家发现强光导致鸟类每晚平均少睡 50 分钟。根据“in a recent study”可知,此处描述过去的研究结果,应用一般过去时。故填 discovered。
2. The 句意:该设备还记录时间、位置和天气信息,并通过互联网报告所有这些信息。此处指代上文“a special recording device called PUC”,应用定冠词;句首首字母需大写。故填 The。
3. to study 句意:皮斯和吉尔伯特决定用这些信息研究光污染如何影响鸟类。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填 to study。
4. when 句意:当过多的人造光使夜晚比正常更亮,就会发生光污染。分析句子成分可知,“ 4 too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal”是 when 引导的时间状语从句,说明光污染发生的时间。故填 when。
5. researchers 句意:但这两位研究者想弄清生活在光污染区域的鸟类如何被影响。根据“these two”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填 researchers。
6. on 句意:他们发现光污染对鸟类早晚活跃程度有巨大影响。have a huge influence on 表示“对……有巨大影响”。故填 on。
7. longer 句意:这意味着在光污染严重的地区,鸟类平均每天多熬夜 50 分钟。根据上文“In bright areas, birds began singing an average of 18 minutes early. At night, they sang for an extra 32 minutes on average.”可知,在明亮的地区,鸟类醒得更早,睡得更晚,由此可知熬夜时间更长。故填 longer。
8. greatly 句意:栖息在黑暗区域的鸟类似乎不受光污染的显著影响。修饰“be affected”,应用副词。故填 greatly。
9. worrying 句意:科学家们表示,鸟类的自然模式正在被打扰,这令人担忧。根据“it's”可知,此处可用现在分词构成现在进行时,也可用-ing 形容词作表语。故填 worrying。
10. whether/if 句意:但他们表示,尚不清楚熬夜是否真的对鸟类有害。根据“it's still unknown”可知,此处后接宾语从句,应用 whether/if 引导,表示“是否”。故填 whether/if。
1. discovered 句意:但在最近的研究中,科学家发现强光导致鸟类每晚平均少睡 50 分钟。根据“in a recent study”可知,此处描述过去的研究结果,应用一般过去时。故填 discovered。
2. The 句意:该设备还记录时间、位置和天气信息,并通过互联网报告所有这些信息。此处指代上文“a special recording device called PUC”,应用定冠词;句首首字母需大写。故填 The。
3. to study 句意:皮斯和吉尔伯特决定用这些信息研究光污染如何影响鸟类。use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填 to study。
4. when 句意:当过多的人造光使夜晚比正常更亮,就会发生光污染。分析句子成分可知,“ 4 too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal”是 when 引导的时间状语从句,说明光污染发生的时间。故填 when。
5. researchers 句意:但这两位研究者想弄清生活在光污染区域的鸟类如何被影响。根据“these two”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。故填 researchers。
6. on 句意:他们发现光污染对鸟类早晚活跃程度有巨大影响。have a huge influence on 表示“对……有巨大影响”。故填 on。
7. longer 句意:这意味着在光污染严重的地区,鸟类平均每天多熬夜 50 分钟。根据上文“In bright areas, birds began singing an average of 18 minutes early. At night, they sang for an extra 32 minutes on average.”可知,在明亮的地区,鸟类醒得更早,睡得更晚,由此可知熬夜时间更长。故填 longer。
8. greatly 句意:栖息在黑暗区域的鸟类似乎不受光污染的显著影响。修饰“be affected”,应用副词。故填 greatly。
9. worrying 句意:科学家们表示,鸟类的自然模式正在被打扰,这令人担忧。根据“it's”可知,此处可用现在分词构成现在进行时,也可用-ing 形容词作表语。故填 worrying。
10. whether/if 句意:但他们表示,尚不清楚熬夜是否真的对鸟类有害。根据“it's still unknown”可知,此处后接宾语从句,应用 whether/if 引导,表示“是否”。故填 whether/if。
解析
【分析】本题是一篇关于光污染影响鸟类作息的说明文语法填空，解题思路为：首先通读全文理解主旨，然后针对每个空格，结合语境、语法规则逐一分析：1. 根据时间状语确定动词时态；2. 指代上文特定事物用定冠词；3. 利用固定搭配判断非谓语形式；4. 分析从句类型选择引导词；5. 根据数词确定名词单复数；6. 依据固定介词搭配填空；7. 结合上下文比较关系用形容词比较级；8. 用副词修饰动词；9. 选择合适的形容词形式作表语；10. 根据宾语从句的含义选择引导词。
【解析】
1. 句中“in a recent study”表示过去的研究，应用一般过去时，故填discovered；
2. 此处指代上文提到的特定设备“a special recording device called PUC”，表特指，用定冠词The，句首首字母大写；
3. 固定搭配“use sth. to do sth.”表示“用某物做某事”，此处表目的，故填to study；
4. 分析句子结构，“too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal”是时间状语从句，说明光污染发生的时间，故填when；
5. 前面有“these two”，指两位研究者，应用名词复数形式，故填researchers；
6. 固定搭配“have a huge influence on”表示“对……有巨大影响”，故填介词on；
7. 结合上下文，光污染地区鸟类熬夜时间比正常地区更长，应用形容词比较级，故填longer；
8. 此处修饰动词“be affected”，应用副词形式，故填greatly；
9. 此处表示“令人担忧的”，用现在分词转化的形容词作表语，故填worrying；
10. 根据“it's still unknown”可知，此处宾语从句表“是否”，应用whether或if引导，故填whether/if。
【答案】1. discovered 2. The 3. to study 4. when 5. researchers 6. on 7. longer 8. greatly 9. worrying 10. whether/if
【知识点】一般过去时、冠词用法、宾语从句引导词
【点评】本题聚焦光污染对鸟类的影响，考点涵盖时态、冠词、非谓语、从句等核心语法点，需结合语境与语法规则综合判断，能有效考查学生的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.3
【解析】
1. 句中“in a recent study”表示过去的研究，应用一般过去时，故填discovered；
2. 此处指代上文提到的特定设备“a special recording device called PUC”，表特指，用定冠词The，句首首字母大写；
3. 固定搭配“use sth. to do sth.”表示“用某物做某事”，此处表目的，故填to study；
4. 分析句子结构，“too much artificial light makes the night much brighter than normal”是时间状语从句，说明光污染发生的时间，故填when；
5. 前面有“these two”，指两位研究者，应用名词复数形式，故填researchers；
6. 固定搭配“have a huge influence on”表示“对……有巨大影响”，故填介词on；
7. 结合上下文，光污染地区鸟类熬夜时间比正常地区更长，应用形容词比较级，故填longer；
8. 此处修饰动词“be affected”，应用副词形式，故填greatly；
9. 此处表示“令人担忧的”，用现在分词转化的形容词作表语，故填worrying；
10. 根据“it's still unknown”可知，此处宾语从句表“是否”，应用whether或if引导，故填whether/if。
【答案】1. discovered 2. The 3. to study 4. when 5. researchers 6. on 7. longer 8. greatly 9. worrying 10. whether/if
【知识点】一般过去时、冠词用法、宾语从句引导词
【点评】本题聚焦光污染对鸟类的影响，考点涵盖时态、冠词、非谓语、从句等核心语法点，需结合语境与语法规则综合判断，能有效考查学生的语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.3
