1. 先化简,再求值: $(\frac {a+1}{a+2}-\frac {a}{a-1})÷\frac {2a+1}{a^{2}-4}$,其中 $a= 5$.
答案
解:原式$=\frac {a^{2}-1-a^{2}-2a}{(a+2)(a-1)}\cdot \frac {(a+2)(a-2)}{2a+1}$
$=\frac {-(1+2a)}{(a+2)(a-1)}\cdot \frac {(a+2)(a-2)}{2a+1}$
$=-\frac {a-2}{a-1}$
当$a=5$时,
原式$=-\frac {5-2}{5-1}=-\frac {3}{4}$
$=\frac {-(1+2a)}{(a+2)(a-1)}\cdot \frac {(a+2)(a-2)}{2a+1}$
$=-\frac {a-2}{a-1}$
当$a=5$时,
原式$=-\frac {5-2}{5-1}=-\frac {3}{4}$
2. (2024 广元中考)先化简,再求值: $\frac {a}{a-b}÷\frac {a^{2}-b^{2}}{a^{2}-2ab+b^{2}}-\frac {a-b}{a+b}$,其中 $a,b$ 满足 $b-2a= 0$.
答案
解:原式$=\frac {a}{a-b}÷\frac {(a+b)(a-b)}{(a-b)^{2}}-\frac {a-b}{a+b}$
$=\frac {a}{a-b}÷\frac {a+b}{a-b}-\frac {a-b}{a+b}$
$=\frac {a-a+b}{a+b}=\frac {b}{a+b}$
$\because b-2a=0$,
$\therefore b=2a$,
原式$=\frac {2a}{a+2a}=\frac {2}{3}$
$=\frac {a}{a-b}÷\frac {a+b}{a-b}-\frac {a-b}{a+b}$
$=\frac {a-a+b}{a+b}=\frac {b}{a+b}$
$\because b-2a=0$,
$\therefore b=2a$,
原式$=\frac {2a}{a+2a}=\frac {2}{3}$
3. 先化简 $(\frac {m}{m+3}-\frac {2m}{m-3})÷\frac {m}{m^{2}-9}$,然后从 $-3,0,1,3$ 中选一个合适的数代入求值.
答案
解:原式$=(\frac {m}{m+3}-\frac {2m}{m-3})\cdot \frac {(m+3)(m-3)}{m}$
$=m-3-2(m+3)$
$=-m-9$
$\because$ 分式的分母不能为$0$,
$\therefore m≠0,m-3≠0,m+3≠0$,
即$m≠-3,0,3$,
则选$m=1$代入,
得原式$=-m-9=-1-9=-10$
$=m-3-2(m+3)$
$=-m-9$
$\because$ 分式的分母不能为$0$,
$\therefore m≠0,m-3≠0,m+3≠0$,
即$m≠-3,0,3$,
则选$m=1$代入,
得原式$=-m-9=-1-9=-10$
4. 已知 $2a-\frac {7}{a}= 2$,求代数式 $(a-\frac {2a-1}{a})÷\frac {a-1}{a^{2}}$ 的值.
答案
解:原式$=(\frac {a^{2}}{a}-\frac {2a-1}{a})÷\frac {a-1}{a^{2}}$
$=\frac {a^{2}-2a+1}{a}÷\frac {a-1}{a^{2}}$
$=\frac {(a-1)^{2}}{a}\cdot \frac {a^{2}}{a-1}$
$=a(a-1)$
$=a^{2}-a$
$\because 2a^{2}-7=2a$,
$\therefore 2a^{2}-2a=7$,
$\therefore a^{2}-a=\frac {7}{2}$,
$\therefore$ 原式$=\frac {7}{2}$
$=\frac {a^{2}-2a+1}{a}÷\frac {a-1}{a^{2}}$
$=\frac {(a-1)^{2}}{a}\cdot \frac {a^{2}}{a-1}$
$=a(a-1)$
$=a^{2}-a$
$\because 2a^{2}-7=2a$,
$\therefore 2a^{2}-2a=7$,
$\therefore a^{2}-a=\frac {7}{2}$,
$\therefore$ 原式$=\frac {7}{2}$
5. 先化简,再求值: $(\frac {3}{x+2}+x-2)÷\frac {x^{2}-2x+1}{x+2}$,其中 $|x|= 2$.
答案
解:原式$=\frac {x^{2}-1}{x+2}÷\frac {(x-1)^{2}}{x+2}$
$=\frac {(x+1)(x-1)}{x+2}\cdot \frac {x+2}{(x-1)^{2}}$
$=\frac {x+1}{x-1}$
$\because |x|=2$,
$\therefore x=\pm 2$,
由分式有意义的条件可知$x≠-2$,
$\therefore x=2$,
$\therefore$ 原式$=3$
$=\frac {(x+1)(x-1)}{x+2}\cdot \frac {x+2}{(x-1)^{2}}$
$=\frac {x+1}{x-1}$
$\because |x|=2$,
$\therefore x=\pm 2$,
由分式有意义的条件可知$x≠-2$,
$\therefore x=2$,
$\therefore$ 原式$=3$
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