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五、跨学科 物理 阅读理解。
主题群:科学与技术 子主题:科学原理 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment(设备)?
What goes up must come down. It is about gravity(重力). Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
① You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them move. It is Newton's first law of motion. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down.
② Now you are sliding down.
Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom.
③ At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton's first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you'll fly off the slide.
1.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer start the text?
A. By giving a fact. B. By giving an example. C. By telling a story. D. By asking a question.
2.（创新考法·图片理解）Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down?
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide
C. Newton's first law of motion D. Secrets of gravity
主题群:科学与技术 子主题:科学原理 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment(设备)?
What goes up must come down. It is about gravity(重力). Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
① You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them move. It is Newton's first law of motion. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down.
② Now you are sliding down.
Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom.
③ At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton's first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you'll fly off the slide.
1.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer start the text?
A. By giving a fact. B. By giving an example. C. By telling a story. D. By asking a question.
2.（创新考法·图片理解）Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down?
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide
C. Newton's first law of motion D. Secrets of gravity
答案
1. D 行文方式题。根据文章第一段中“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”可知，本文用问问题的方式开启文章。
方法归纳
阅读理解·行文方式
行文方式题考查文章中采用的写作手法或引入方式，如提问、举例、陈述事实、讲述故事等。解题方法如下：
1. 定位关键段落：重点关注文章开头（通常是第一段或前几句话）。
2. 分析表达形式：若以直接疑问句开头，常为“提问式”；若以普遍现象或客观信息开头，常为“陈述事实”；若以具体案例或场景描写开头，可能为“举例”或“讲故事”。
3. 匹配选项作用：判断该方式是否起到引发思考、点明主题或铺垫下文的作用。
4. 排除与验证：排除与开篇形式明显不符的选项，确保所选方式与全文逻辑一致。
2. B 图片理解题。根据“When two things rub against each other, they cause friction.”可知，下滑时减速是因为摩擦力，选项B符合题意。
3. B 标题概括题。文章围绕滑梯背后的科学如牛顿第一定律、摩擦力、重力等展开，故B项最适合作为文章标题。
方法归纳
阅读理解·行文方式
行文方式题考查文章中采用的写作手法或引入方式，如提问、举例、陈述事实、讲述故事等。解题方法如下：
1. 定位关键段落：重点关注文章开头（通常是第一段或前几句话）。
2. 分析表达形式：若以直接疑问句开头，常为“提问式”；若以普遍现象或客观信息开头，常为“陈述事实”；若以具体案例或场景描写开头，可能为“举例”或“讲故事”。
3. 匹配选项作用：判断该方式是否起到引发思考、点明主题或铺垫下文的作用。
4. 排除与验证：排除与开篇形式明显不符的选项，确保所选方式与全文逻辑一致。
2. B 图片理解题。根据“When two things rub against each other, they cause friction.”可知，下滑时减速是因为摩擦力，选项B符合题意。
3. B 标题概括题。文章围绕滑梯背后的科学如牛顿第一定律、摩擦力、重力等展开，故B项最适合作为文章标题。
解析
【分析】
首先明确三道题的考查类型：第1题是行文方式题，需关注文章开头的引入方式；第2题是图片理解题，要对应文本中关于下滑减速原因的物理知识；第3题是主旨大意题，需概括全文核心内容。解题时先定位各题对应的文本段落，再结合选项逐一排除验证，确保答案准确。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位文章第一段，开头以“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”的问句开启，属于提问式行文，故答案为D。
2. 第2题：根据文本中“当两个物体摩擦会产生摩擦力，摩擦力会让下滑速度变慢”的内容，对应体现摩擦力的图片，故答案为B。
3. 第3题：全文围绕滑梯背后的科学原理（重力、摩擦力、牛顿第一定律）展开，核心是滑梯的科学知识；A选项仅提及滑梯的乐趣，未涉及科学；C选项仅涵盖牛顿第一定律，表述片面；D选项仅提及重力，表述片面，故答案为B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（行文方式）、英语阅读理解（主旨大意）、跨学科物理原理
【点评】
本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，融合物理知识考查，题型全面，既考查英语阅读的各类解题技巧，又要求结合物理知识理解文本，注重学生的综合应用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先明确三道题的考查类型：第1题是行文方式题，需关注文章开头的引入方式；第2题是图片理解题，要对应文本中关于下滑减速原因的物理知识；第3题是主旨大意题，需概括全文核心内容。解题时先定位各题对应的文本段落，再结合选项逐一排除验证，确保答案准确。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位文章第一段，开头以“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”的问句开启，属于提问式行文，故答案为D。
2. 第2题：根据文本中“当两个物体摩擦会产生摩擦力，摩擦力会让下滑速度变慢”的内容，对应体现摩擦力的图片，故答案为B。
3. 第3题：全文围绕滑梯背后的科学原理（重力、摩擦力、牛顿第一定律）展开，核心是滑梯的科学知识；A选项仅提及滑梯的乐趣，未涉及科学；C选项仅涵盖牛顿第一定律，表述片面；D选项仅提及重力，表述片面，故答案为B。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（行文方式）、英语阅读理解（主旨大意）、跨学科物理原理
【点评】
本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，融合物理知识考查，题型全面，既考查英语阅读的各类解题技巧，又要求结合物理知识理解文本，注重学生的综合应用能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
