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C
Brazilian artist Vik Muniz uses everyday objects in unusual ways. Through his art，Muniz makes people think differently about their everyday lives，even their own rubbish.
In 2007，Muniz worked on a two-year project at one of the world's largest landfills. Until its closure in 2012，Jardim Gramacho received about 70 per cent of the rubbish from Rio de Janeiro. About 3，000 rubbish pickers，known as catadores，worked there. Their job was to hunt through the rubbish for recyclable cans，bottles，and other materials. They then made money by selling the objects to recycling companies.
The catadores' work was dirty and dangerous，and most of them only received between 20 and 25 a day. Despite the hard conditions，many catadores were proud of their work. Valter Dos Santos，a worker at Jardim Gramacho for more than 25 years，told Muniz，“I am proud to be a picker. I try to explain to people that recycling prevents great harm to nature and the environment. People sometimes say，‘But one single soda can?’ One single can is of great importance! That single can make a difference.”
Muniz became friends with Dos Santos and other catadores. They allowed him to take their photographs at the landfill，where they posed for artistic portraits. For example，Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting. The workers then helped Muniz create huge images of these photos on the floor of his workshop. They used materials from the landfill to create huge images.
▲ Muniz says he wanted to “change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day”. A photograph of his recreation of the French painting sold for £28，000(50，000)at a London art auction. Muniz gave the money to the catadores workers' organization.
In 2010，a movie called *Waste Land* was made about Muniz's project. The film received many awards and helped make people aware of the rubbish collectors' lives. The catadores also began to see themselves differently. “Sometimes we see ourselves as so small，” says Irma，a cook at Gramacho，“but people out there see us as so big，so beautiful.”
()38. Why did the writer mention Valter Dos Santos?
A. To tell the story of a catador's life.
B. To describe the catadores' hard conditions.
C. To show the value of a catador's work.
D. To give an example of successful catadores.
()39. What can we learn about Muniz's photographs?
A. They were all taken at the landfill.
B. He spent a long time on each of them.
C. They were only part of his unusual creation.
D. He took them in the style of famous paintings.
()40. Which of the following is the most suitable for “▲”?
A. Why take such photos of these catadores?
B. Why create such huge images using rubbish?
C. How to help these people in a creative way?
D. How to turn everyday objects into art pieces?
()41. Which of the following shows the right order of the things that happened?
a. A movie was made about Muniz's project.
b. Gramacho stopped receiving rubbish.
c. Dos Santos started working at Gramacho.
d. Muniz made friends with some catadores.
A. d—c—b—a
B. c—d—b—a
C. d—c—a—b
D. c—d—a—b
Brazilian artist Vik Muniz uses everyday objects in unusual ways. Through his art，Muniz makes people think differently about their everyday lives，even their own rubbish.
In 2007，Muniz worked on a two-year project at one of the world's largest landfills. Until its closure in 2012，Jardim Gramacho received about 70 per cent of the rubbish from Rio de Janeiro. About 3，000 rubbish pickers，known as catadores，worked there. Their job was to hunt through the rubbish for recyclable cans，bottles，and other materials. They then made money by selling the objects to recycling companies.
The catadores' work was dirty and dangerous，and most of them only received between 20 and 25 a day. Despite the hard conditions，many catadores were proud of their work. Valter Dos Santos，a worker at Jardim Gramacho for more than 25 years，told Muniz，“I am proud to be a picker. I try to explain to people that recycling prevents great harm to nature and the environment. People sometimes say，‘But one single soda can?’ One single can is of great importance! That single can make a difference.”
Muniz became friends with Dos Santos and other catadores. They allowed him to take their photographs at the landfill，where they posed for artistic portraits. For example，Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting. The workers then helped Muniz create huge images of these photos on the floor of his workshop. They used materials from the landfill to create huge images.
▲ Muniz says he wanted to “change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day”. A photograph of his recreation of the French painting sold for £28，000(50，000)at a London art auction. Muniz gave the money to the catadores workers' organization.
In 2010，a movie called *Waste Land* was made about Muniz's project. The film received many awards and helped make people aware of the rubbish collectors' lives. The catadores also began to see themselves differently. “Sometimes we see ourselves as so small，” says Irma，a cook at Gramacho，“but people out there see us as so big，so beautiful.”
()38. Why did the writer mention Valter Dos Santos?
A. To tell the story of a catador's life.
B. To describe the catadores' hard conditions.
C. To show the value of a catador's work.
D. To give an example of successful catadores.
()39. What can we learn about Muniz's photographs?
A. They were all taken at the landfill.
B. He spent a long time on each of them.
C. They were only part of his unusual creation.
D. He took them in the style of famous paintings.
()40. Which of the following is the most suitable for “▲”?
A. Why take such photos of these catadores?
B. Why create such huge images using rubbish?
C. How to help these people in a creative way?
D. How to turn everyday objects into art pieces?
()41. Which of the following shows the right order of the things that happened?
a. A movie was made about Muniz's project.
b. Gramacho stopped receiving rubbish.
c. Dos Santos started working at Gramacho.
d. Muniz made friends with some catadores.
A. d—c—b—a
B. c—d—b—a
C. d—c—a—b
D. c—d—a—b
答案
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了巴西艺术家 Vik Muniz 通过使用垃圾填埋场的日常物品创作艺术，改变人们对垃圾和垃圾收集者生活的看法，并与垃圾收集者合作完成艺术项目的过程。
38. C 细节理解题。根据第三段 Valter Dos Santos 的话“I am proud to be a picker... That single can will make a difference.”可知，作者提到他是为了展示垃圾收集者工作的价值。故选 C。
39. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting... They used materials from the landfill to create huge images”可知，这些照片只是他非常规创作的一部分。故选 C。
40. B 补全文章题。根据空缺后 Muniz 的话“change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day”可知，此处应解释用垃圾创作巨型图像的原因。故选 B。
41. D 事件排序题。根据原文信息：c（Dos Santos 工作 25 年，早于 2007 年项目）→d（2007 年 Muniz 与收集者成为朋友）→a（2010 年电影上映）→b（2012 年填埋场关闭）。正确顺序是 cdab。故选 D。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了巴西艺术家 Vik Muniz 通过使用垃圾填埋场的日常物品创作艺术，改变人们对垃圾和垃圾收集者生活的看法，并与垃圾收集者合作完成艺术项目的过程。
38. C 细节理解题。根据第三段 Valter Dos Santos 的话“I am proud to be a picker... That single can will make a difference.”可知，作者提到他是为了展示垃圾收集者工作的价值。故选 C。
39. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Muniz photographed a landfill worker in the style of a famous French painting... They used materials from the landfill to create huge images”可知，这些照片只是他非常规创作的一部分。故选 C。
40. B 补全文章题。根据空缺后 Muniz 的话“change the lives of people with the same materials they deal with every day”可知，此处应解释用垃圾创作巨型图像的原因。故选 B。
41. D 事件排序题。根据原文信息：c（Dos Santos 工作 25 年，早于 2007 年项目）→d（2007 年 Muniz 与收集者成为朋友）→a（2010 年电影上映）→b（2012 年填埋场关闭）。正确顺序是 cdab。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇记叙类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文梳理故事核心：巴西艺术家Vik Muniz依托大型垃圾填埋场开展艺术项目，用垃圾为素材创作艺术作品，关注垃圾拾捡者群体。接下来逐个对应题目回原文定位信息：
1. 38题：找到Valter Dos Santos的发言段落，他明确提到自己的工作能保护环境、哪怕一个易拉罐也有重要意义，对应作者举这个例子的目的，逐一排除不符合发言核心的选项。
2. 39题：定位Muniz拍摄照片的相关段落，原文提到拍完照片后，他还和工人一起用垃圾填埋场的材料制作巨型图像，说明照片只是他整个创作的其中一环，比对其余选项的表述是否和原文细节冲突。
3. 40题：空缺处位于段首，后文直接给出Muniz的创作初衷“用他们每天接触的材料改变他们的生活”，前文刚提到他们用垃圾制作巨型图像，所以空缺处的设问要承接前文的创作行为、引出后文的创作目的。
4. 41题：从原文提取所有事件的时间节点，按先后顺序排列即可：Valter已经在填埋场工作25年（早于2007年项目启动）→2007年Muniz启动项目和拾捡者成为朋友→2010年相关电影上映→2012年填埋场关闭停止接收垃圾。
【解析】
38题：根据第三段Valter Dos Santos的发言“我为自己是拾捡者感到骄傲，回收能避免对自然和环境造成巨大伤害，哪怕一个易拉罐也有重要意义”，可知作者举他的例子是为了展现拾捡者工作的价值。A选项“讲述拾捡者的人生故事”不是举例核心目的，B选项“描述拾捡者的艰苦条件”和本段核心表意相反，D选项“给出成功拾捡者的例子”原文无相关表述，因此选C。
39题：根据第四段内容，Muniz拍摄完工人的肖像照片后，还和工人们一起用填埋场的垃圾材料制作巨型图像，说明拍摄的照片只是他整套特殊创作的其中一部分。A选项“所有照片都在填埋场拍摄”原文未提及，B选项“每张照片都花费很长时间”无原文依据，D选项“所有照片都采用名画风格”只是原文举的单个例子，并非全部照片的特点，因此选C。
40题：空缺前文刚介绍完他们用填埋场的垃圾材料制作巨型图像的行为，后文Muniz的发言解释了自己的创作初衷：用拾捡者日常接触的材料改变他们的生活，因此空缺处最适合的设问是“为什么要用垃圾创作这样的巨型图像”，其余选项都无法承接前文的创作行为、引出后文的目的解释，因此选B。
41题：从原文提取时间线：①Valter Dos Santos已经在Gramacho工作超过25年，早于2007年Muniz的项目启动，对应事件c最早；②2007年Muniz在填埋场开展项目，和Dos Santos等拾捡者成为朋友，对应事件d；③2010年名为《Waste Land》的相关电影上映，对应事件a；④2012年Jardim Gramacho填埋场关闭，停止接收垃圾，对应事件b。正确顺序为c—d—a—b，因此选D。
【答案】
38.C 39.C 40.B 41.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇逻辑衔接，事件顺序梳理
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的记叙类阅读，考点覆盖细节理解、语篇补全、事件排序，既考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，也要求学生梳理全文时间线、区分举例内容和整体事实，部分学生容易误把文中单个举例的内容当成全部事实错选39题的D选项，或是没有承接前后文逻辑错选40题的A选项，解题时需要仔细比对原文细节，不要主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.65
这是一篇记叙类阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文梳理故事核心：巴西艺术家Vik Muniz依托大型垃圾填埋场开展艺术项目，用垃圾为素材创作艺术作品，关注垃圾拾捡者群体。接下来逐个对应题目回原文定位信息：
1. 38题：找到Valter Dos Santos的发言段落，他明确提到自己的工作能保护环境、哪怕一个易拉罐也有重要意义，对应作者举这个例子的目的，逐一排除不符合发言核心的选项。
2. 39题：定位Muniz拍摄照片的相关段落，原文提到拍完照片后，他还和工人一起用垃圾填埋场的材料制作巨型图像，说明照片只是他整个创作的其中一环，比对其余选项的表述是否和原文细节冲突。
3. 40题：空缺处位于段首，后文直接给出Muniz的创作初衷“用他们每天接触的材料改变他们的生活”，前文刚提到他们用垃圾制作巨型图像，所以空缺处的设问要承接前文的创作行为、引出后文的创作目的。
4. 41题：从原文提取所有事件的时间节点，按先后顺序排列即可：Valter已经在填埋场工作25年（早于2007年项目启动）→2007年Muniz启动项目和拾捡者成为朋友→2010年相关电影上映→2012年填埋场关闭停止接收垃圾。
【解析】
38题：根据第三段Valter Dos Santos的发言“我为自己是拾捡者感到骄傲，回收能避免对自然和环境造成巨大伤害，哪怕一个易拉罐也有重要意义”，可知作者举他的例子是为了展现拾捡者工作的价值。A选项“讲述拾捡者的人生故事”不是举例核心目的，B选项“描述拾捡者的艰苦条件”和本段核心表意相反，D选项“给出成功拾捡者的例子”原文无相关表述，因此选C。
39题：根据第四段内容，Muniz拍摄完工人的肖像照片后，还和工人们一起用填埋场的垃圾材料制作巨型图像，说明拍摄的照片只是他整套特殊创作的其中一部分。A选项“所有照片都在填埋场拍摄”原文未提及，B选项“每张照片都花费很长时间”无原文依据，D选项“所有照片都采用名画风格”只是原文举的单个例子，并非全部照片的特点，因此选C。
40题：空缺前文刚介绍完他们用填埋场的垃圾材料制作巨型图像的行为，后文Muniz的发言解释了自己的创作初衷：用拾捡者日常接触的材料改变他们的生活，因此空缺处最适合的设问是“为什么要用垃圾创作这样的巨型图像”，其余选项都无法承接前文的创作行为、引出后文的目的解释，因此选B。
41题：从原文提取时间线：①Valter Dos Santos已经在Gramacho工作超过25年，早于2007年Muniz的项目启动，对应事件c最早；②2007年Muniz在填埋场开展项目，和Dos Santos等拾捡者成为朋友，对应事件d；③2010年名为《Waste Land》的相关电影上映，对应事件a；④2012年Jardim Gramacho填埋场关闭，停止接收垃圾，对应事件b。正确顺序为c—d—a—b，因此选D。
【答案】
38.C 39.C 40.B 41.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇逻辑衔接，事件顺序梳理
【点评】
本题属于中等难度的记叙类阅读，考点覆盖细节理解、语篇补全、事件排序，既考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的能力，也要求学生梳理全文时间线、区分举例内容和整体事实，部分学生容易误把文中单个举例的内容当成全部事实错选39题的D选项，或是没有承接前后文逻辑错选40题的A选项，解题时需要仔细比对原文细节，不要主观臆断。
【难度系数】
0.65
