一、从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空(每个词或短语只能用一次)。
basket beautiful different forms of can't afford
1. The spring flowers in the park blow in the wind and dance in the warm sunshine.
2. Although he really wanted to buy that fine Chinese brush, he it because he had spent all his pocket money on paper and ink.
3. You can explore brush art by copying poems, writing couplets, or even drawing bamboo leaves with your brush.
4. Next to his desk, there was a bamboo filled with old practice papers.

1. beautifully
2. couldn't afford
3. different forms of
4. basket

【分析】
本题为选词填空题，需结合句子结构、语境及词汇的词性、形式变化，从给定词中选择恰当内容并调整为正确形式填空。第1题需副词修饰动词；第2题需过去式的动词短语表“负担不起”；第3题需短语修饰名词短语；第4题需名词构成具体物品含义。
【解析】
1. 句中dance是动词，需用副词修饰，形容词beautiful的副词形式为beautifully，故填beautifully。
2. 由从句“wanted”可知时态为一般过去时，结合“零花钱花完”的语境，需用can't afford的过去式couldn't afford，故填couldn't afford。
3. 此处修饰名词短语brush art，different forms of（不同形式的）符合语境，故填different forms of。
4. 由“装满旧练习纸”的描述可知需名词，basket（篮子）符合“竹篮”的含义，故填basket。
【答案】
1. beautifully
2. couldn't afford
3. different forms of
4. basket
【知识点】
副词的用法、动词时态变化、名词的运用
【点评】
本题考查词汇在语境中的正确运用，涉及词性转换、动词时态及固定短语搭配，难度适中，需结合句子结构和上下文逻辑解题。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、用who、that或which把下列两句合成一句含有定语从句的复合句。
1. The calligrapher is very patient. I learn from him every week.

2. The brush is made of wolf hair. My father bought it for me.

3. The inkstone is very old. It was passed down from my grandfather.

4. The girl won first prize. She practises calligraphy every day.

1. The calligrapher who/that I learn from every week is very patient.
2. The brush which/that my father bought for me is made of wolf hair.
3. The inkstone which/that was passed down from my grandfather is very old.
4. The girl who/that practises calligraphy every day won first prize.

【分析】
解题思路：首先找出两句中共同的名词作为先行词；接着判断先行词指人还是物，确定对应关系代词（who/that用于指人，which/that用于指物）；最后将第二句改为定语从句，去掉重复的代词，把关系代词放在从句开头，修饰先行词，合并成复合句。
【解析】
1. 先行词the calligrapher指人，选用关系代词who/that，去掉第二句中的him，调整为who/that I learn from every week，修饰先行词，得到复合句：The calligrapher who/that I learn from every week is very patient.
2. 先行词the brush指物，选用关系代词which/that，去掉第二句中的it，调整为which/that my father bought for me，修饰先行词，得到：The brush which/that my father bought for me is made of wolf hair.
3. 先行词the inkstone指物，选用关系代词which/that，去掉第二句中的it，调整为which/that was passed down from my grandfather，修饰先行词，得到：The inkstone which/that was passed down from my grandfather is very old.
4. 先行词the girl指人，选用关系代词who/that，去掉第二句中的she，调整为who/that practises calligraphy every day，修饰先行词，得到：The girl who/that practises calligraphy every day won first prize.
【答案】
1. The calligrapher who/that I learn from every week is very patient.
2. The brush which/that my father bought for me is made of wolf hair.
3. The inkstone which/that was passed down from my grandfather is very old.
4. The girl who/that practises calligraphy every day won first prize.
【知识点】
定语从句，关系代词用法
【点评】
本题考查定语从句的基础合并方法，核心是掌握先行词与关系代词的匹配规则，属于定语从句入门的基础应用，适合巩固语法知识。
【难度系数】
0.3

1.（易错题）[2026南通模拟]According to the survey, women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than who don't.

A.who; that
B./; these
C.who; those
D./; that

1. C

【分析】首先分析第一个空：先行词是表示人的名词women，定语从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who引导，且关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，据此排除B、D选项；再分析第二个空：比较的对象是前文的复数名词women，为避免重复，需用代词those指代复数的人，that用于指代单数或不可数名词，不符合语境，因此选C。
【解析】第一个空，先行词为表示人的名词women，定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who引导定语从句，且who在从句中作主语不可省略，排除B、D；第二个空，比较的是“每天喝两杯以上咖啡的女性”和“不喝的女性”，为避免重复，用those指代复数的女性，that指代单数/不可数名词，不符合，故选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】定语从句关系代词；代词those的用法
【点评】本题为易错题，需注意定语从句关系代词的使用规则，以及比较结构中代词指代的单复数匹配，避免混淆that和those的用法。
【难度系数】0.5

2. [2026无锡期末改编]She wrote in her diary: "Zootopia 2 is one of the best films this year."

A.that have been on
B.which is shown
C.that you showed
D.what has beem shown

2. A

【分析】本题考查定语从句的用法，解题思路如下：首先确定先行词为films（指物），根据定语从句规则，当先行词被形容词最高级（此处为best）修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which，据此排除B选项；其次，what不能引导定语从句，排除D选项；最后，先行词films是复数，从句谓语需用复数形式，结合语境“今年上映的最好的电影之一”，A选项have been on（表上映的延续状态）符合要求，C选项you showed不符合语境，因此选A。
【解析】1. 关系代词选择：先行词films被最高级the best修饰，定语从句中先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that，故排除含which的B选项；what不能引导定语从句，排除D选项。2. 主谓一致：先行词films为复数，从句谓语需用复数形式，A选项have been on（现在完成时，表上映的状态）符合语境，C选项you showed（你展示的）不符合“今年上映”的语境，因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】定语从句、关系代词用法、主谓一致
【点评】本题考查定语从句的基础考点，涉及关系代词的特殊规则（先行词被最高级修饰时用that）和主谓一致，需学生掌握定语从句的核心用法，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

3. [2026 扬州期末]Gaoyou is an ancient city is full of placcss of interest.

A.where
B.which
C.who
D./

3. B

【分析】
本题考查定语从句关系词的选择，解题思路如下：1. 确定先行词：空格前的“an ancient city”是定语从句的先行词，指物；2. 分析从句成分：从句“____ is full of places of interest”缺少主语，关系词需在从句中作主语；3. 匹配选项：A.where是关系副词，作状语，不符合；B.which是指代物的关系代词，可作主语，符合要求；C.who指代人，排除；D.关系代词作主语时不能省略，排除，因此选B。
【解析】
先行词“an ancient city”指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。A.where为关系副词，在从句中作状语，不符合；C.who指代人，与先行词不符；D.关系代词在从句中作主语时不可省略，故排除A、C、D，答案为B。
【答案】
B
【知识点】
定语从句关系词
【点评】
本题考查定语从句中关系代词的基础用法，需准确判断先行词的指代对象及在从句中的成分，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.6

4.（学习习惯）The four tools people use for Chinese handwriting are called "the Four Treasures of the Study".

A.why
B.what
C.who
D.that

4. D

【分析】
这是一道定语从句的关系词辨析题。首先判断空格所在句子的从句类型：空格后是修饰先行词the four tools的定语从句，先行词为表示“物”的名词；接着分析从句成分：从句主语是people，谓语动词是use，缺少宾语，因此需要能在定语从句中作宾语且指代物的关系词；最后辨析选项排除不符合的选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 确定从句类型：空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the four tools（指物）。
2. 分析从句成分：定语从句中主语为people，谓语为use，缺少宾语，需用关系代词作宾语。
3. 辨析选项：
A. why：关系副词，在从句中作原因状语，不符合要求，排除；
B. what：不能引导定语从句，排除；
C. who：关系代词，指代人，先行词为物，不符合要求，排除；
D. that：关系代词，可指代物，在从句中作宾语，符合要求。
【答案】
D
【知识点】
定语从句（关系代词）
【点评】
本题考查定语从句关系词的用法，需掌握先行词类型及从句成分的判断，是英语语法的基础考点。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、核心素养学习能力 根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
主题群:生活与学习 子主题:自我提升 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
I used to be very shy and nervous when I spoke in front of people. My teacher 1. n this and suggested that I take up a hobby to build my confidence. She said, "Why not try calligraphy? It is 2. r and helps you focus."
I decided to give it a go. At first, it was difficult to 3. c the brush, and I often made a mess. But I didn't give up. I practised single 4. s again and again. Surprisingly, I started to see improvement soon. It was much 5. f than I had expected. My teacher encouraged me not to give up because practice was the key to 6. s.
Now, I really enjoy doing calligraphy. It 7. a me to stay calm and express myself. I even joined the Calligraphy Club and made new friends. This hobby not only helps me relax but also gives me a strong 8. s of achievement. I also learn about Chinese culture and history by doing calligraphy.
Sometimes, I teach my sister how to write. In 9. r, she teaches me how to draw. We 10. e each other to keep learning. This hobby has changed my life in a positive way.

1. noticed
2. relaxing
3. control
4. strokes
5. faster
6. success
7. allows
8. sense
9. return
10. encourage

【分析】
本题为根据短文语境和首字母提示填单词的题型，解题思路为：1. 通读全文把握主旨（作者从害羞到通过练书法实现自我提升的经历）；2. 逐个分析每个空的上下文逻辑、语法结构，结合首字母提示确定单词；3. 注意时态、固定搭配、比较级等语法细节，确保单词形式符合语境要求。
【解析】
1. 结合语境“老师注意到我害羞紧张的状态”，首字母为n，时态为一般过去时，故填noticed；
2. 修饰事物“书法”，表示“令人放松的”，首字母为r，故填relaxing；
3. 结合“控制毛笔”的语境，首字母为c，对应固定搭配control the brush，故填control；
4. 结合书法练习的语境，“单个笔画”，首字母为s，stroke的复数形式为strokes，故填strokes；
5. 句中出现than，需用形容词比较级，结合“进步比预期快”的语境，首字母为f，故填faster；
6. 结合“成功的关键”的固定搭配，首字母为s，故填success；
7. 对应固定搭配allow sb to do sth，主语为it（第三人称单数），首字母为a，故填allows；
8. 对应固定搭配a sense of achievement（成就感），首字母为s，故填sense；
9. 对应固定搭配in return（作为回报），首字母为r，故填return；
10. 结合“互相鼓励”的语境，首字母为e，主语为we，动词用原形，故填encourage。
【答案】
1. noticed 2. relaxing 3. control 4. strokes 5. faster 6. success 7. allows 8. sense 9. return 10. encourage
【知识点】
词汇运用、固定搭配、形容词比较级
【点评】
本题考查学生的阅读理解能力、词汇储备及语法运用能力，需结合上下文逻辑、首字母提示及语法规则综合判断，难度适中，是英语学习中常见的基础题型，能有效考查学生的语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6