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五、阅读理解
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation（回声定位）: a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs（胃）of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength（强度）of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly（致命的）. Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
（
A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
（
A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
（
A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
（
A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation（回声定位）: a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs（胃）of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength（强度）of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly（致命的）. Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
（
A
）1. Why do whales look for food by sound instead of by sight in deep sea?A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
（
B
）2. What do Paragraphs 3 & 4 mainly talk about?A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
（
D
）3. What does the underlined word "impacts" probably mean?A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
（
B
）4. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
答案
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文关于鲸鱼深海用声音的原因，找到对应表述即可选出答案；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需概括3、4段的核心内容，明确两段围绕“鲸鱼误把塑料当食物的原因”展开；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断划线词含义，排除不符合语境的选项；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容，确定最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第二段“There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see.”可知，深海区域光线极少，鲸鱼无法看清，因此依靠回声定位，对应选项A，故选A。
2. 段落大意题：第三段指出鲸鱼通过回声定位感知物体，塑料和海洋生物产生相似回声；第四段通过实验对比证实这一点，两段核心是“鲸鱼如何将垃圾误认为食物”，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句意为“塑料______那些远离我们日常生活的动物”，结合上下文塑料对海洋动物有害，可知此处表示“影响”，选项D“Has an effect on”（对…有影响）符合，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕海洋塑料污染对海洋动物（尤其是鲸鱼）的危害展开，核心是“对海洋动物的坏消息”，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解与主旨归纳）、英语词汇词义辨析
【点评】
本文是一篇科普类阅读理解，围绕海洋塑料污染对鲸鱼的影响展开，题型涵盖细节理解、段落大意、词义猜测和主旨大意，需要学生精准定位原文信息，理解上下文逻辑，难度适中，适合考查学生的英语阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文关于鲸鱼深海用声音的原因，找到对应表述即可选出答案；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需概括3、4段的核心内容，明确两段围绕“鲸鱼误把塑料当食物的原因”展开；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境推断划线词含义，排除不符合语境的选项；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容，确定最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据文章第二段“There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see.”可知，深海区域光线极少，鲸鱼无法看清，因此依靠回声定位，对应选项A，故选A。
2. 段落大意题：第三段指出鲸鱼通过回声定位感知物体，塑料和海洋生物产生相似回声；第四段通过实验对比证实这一点，两段核心是“鲸鱼如何将垃圾误认为食物”，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句意为“塑料______那些远离我们日常生活的动物”，结合上下文塑料对海洋动物有害，可知此处表示“影响”，选项D“Has an effect on”（对…有影响）符合，故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕海洋塑料污染对海洋动物（尤其是鲸鱼）的危害展开，核心是“对海洋动物的坏消息”，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解与主旨归纳）、英语词汇词义辨析
【点评】
本文是一篇科普类阅读理解，围绕海洋塑料污染对鲸鱼的影响展开，题型涵盖细节理解、段落大意、词义猜测和主旨大意，需要学生精准定位原文信息，理解上下文逻辑，难度适中，适合考查学生的英语阅读综合能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
