四、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题群:环境保护 子主题:生态保护 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Coral reefs are 1. unusual and wonderful ecosystem in the sea. They are home to thousands of small sea animals and plants. The sea is clear and beautiful, and many living things enjoy living 2. coral reefs.
It is important for us 3. (save) coral reefs. 4. (pollute) the sea is very bad for corals. We should be 5. (care) with every living thing in the ocean. We must not throw rubbish into the sea.
If we do nothing, the coral reefs will die 6. (quick). Corals can look after 7. (they) only in clean and warm water. Many corals lose their beautiful colours because of human activities.
We can see a lot of colourful 8. (fish) and other lovely sea animals around coral reefs. Healthy reefs 9. (give) them enough food and safe homes. We must protect them well, 10. they are very important to the earth.
Coral reefs are like beautiful gardens in the sea. If we take good care of them, they will keep our sea beautiful and lively. Let's work together to protect the coral reefs and the sea.

1. an 2. in 3. to save 4. Polluting 5. careful 6. quickly 7. themselves 8. fish 9. give 10. because

【分析】
本题为语法填空题，需结合语境、固定搭配、词性变化、句子结构等基础语法知识解题。1. 需判断不定冠词的使用；2. 考查固定介词搭配；3. 涉及非谓语动词的不定式结构；4. 需用动名词作主语；5. 考查形容词作表语；6. 需用副词修饰动词；7. 考查反身代词；8. 考查名词的单复数；9. 考查一般现在时的谓语形式；10. 考查连词的逻辑关系。
【解析】
1. 考查冠词：unusual以元音音素开头，表泛指“一个”，故填an。
2. 考查介词：固定搭配live in意为“居住在”，故填in。
3. 考查非谓语动词：固定句型It's + adj. + for sb. to do sth.中，it为形式主语，真正主语是不定式，故填to save。
4. 考查非谓语动词：动词短语作主语需用动名词形式，故填Polluting。
5. 考查形容词：be动词后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式为careful，故填careful。
6. 考查副词：修饰动词die需用副词，quick的副词形式为quickly，故填quickly。
7. 考查反身代词：主语corals为复数，指代自身需用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。
8. 考查名词：fish表鱼的数量时单复数同形，故填fish。
9. 考查动词时态：主语healthy reefs为复数，一般现在时谓语用原形，故填give。
10. 考查连词：前后句为因果关系，表原因用because，故填because。
【答案】
1. an 2. in 3. to save 4. Polluting 5. careful 6. quickly 7. themselves 8. fish 9. give 10. because
【知识点】
冠词、非谓语动词、介词
【点评】
本题围绕生态保护主题，考察初中阶段核心基础语法知识，难度适中，需学生掌握固定搭配、词性转换及句子逻辑关系，是典型的语法基础题。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Dongtan National Nature Reserve(东滩国家级自然保护区）is a wetland on Chongming Island. It was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 26, 2024, along with four other wetlands in China. As we celebrate this good news, let's learn more about wetlands.
Some areas on the earth's land are covered by water or have water just below the soil(土壤). This may be all year round or for just part of the year. These places are called wetlands.
Wetlands are home to lots of different animals, such as frogs and snakes. Migratory birds, like wild geese and ducks, rest in wetlands during their long trips.
Wetlands only cover about 6 percent of the earth's land area, but they are important in nature. They can clean the dirty water from cities and farms. Wetlands trap pollutants(污染物）in the water and keep them in the soil. During heavy rains, wetlands take in a lot of rainwater. What's more, wetlands help slow climate change. They take in greenhouse gases and hold them in the soil and plants. Wetlands also break down leaves, animal waste(动物粪便）and other high-carbon matter from the surface of the water.
()1. How many wetlands of China were added to UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 26, 2024?
A. 1. B. 3. C. 5. D. 7.
()2. Which of the following can be named the wetland?
A. The land that is covered with snow. B. The land that is covered with trees.
C. The land that is covered with grass. D. The land that is covered with water.
()3. Which of the following can't live in wetlands?
A. The snake. B. The zebra. C. The fish. D. The bird.
()4. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Wetlands: home to many animals
B. Protect Chinese wetlands
C. Wetlands: the helper of climate change
D. Learn about wetlands

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解和主旨大意类题目，解题思路如下：1. 第1题需查找具体数字，定位原文第一段相关内容；2. 第2题需明确湿地定义，定位第二段的定义描述；3. 第3题需找出湿地中的动物，定位第三段内容并排除不符合的选项；4. 第4题需概括全文主旨，选择最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“ It was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 26, 2024, along with four other wetlands in China.”可知，东滩湿地与另外4个中国湿地共同入选，共5个，故选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“ Some areas on the earth's land are covered by water or have water just below the soil... These places are called wetlands.”可知，被水覆盖的土地属于湿地，故选D。
3. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“ Wetlands are home to lots of different animals, such as frogs and snakes. Migratory birds, like wild geese and ducks, rest in wetlands...”可知，蛇、鸟类等可生活在湿地，斑马为草原动物，无法生活在湿地，故选B。
4. 主旨大意题：全文介绍了湿地的定义、作用等内容，核心是让读者了解湿地，故最佳标题为D。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解）、英语阅读理解（主旨大意）、生态常识
【点评】
本题围绕湿地主题展开，考查学生对文章细节的定位能力和主旨的概括能力，题目难度适中，能帮助学生巩固说明文阅读理解的解题方法。
【难度系数】
0.6