四、阅读理解

How much physical activity do you do? In the past, your grandparents walked miles to school or to work. They cut wood, carried water or heavy things, washed clothes, worked in the fields and so on. Now we have washing machines, cars and buses. Most of us don’t grow vegetables and parents usually drive their kids where they want to go. But your body is designed for physical activity, and without enough exercise, it starts to slow down and become unhealthy.
There are some ways to do physical activity for free.
★ Climb stairs (爬楼梯) instead of (而不是) using lifts.
★ Walk or ride your bike to school. Don’t ask your mum or dad to drive you.
★ Play games after class or after school.
★ Practise skills like running and catching, throwing, kicking, hitting, or bouncing a ball.
★ Walk when you talk with a friend, instead of sitting down.
★ Walk or run with the dog. If you haven’t got one, borrow one from a neighbour.
What other ideas can you come up with? You can do a lot of these things by yourself. There are lots of other things that you can do. They may cost some money, and you will have to keep that time free.
() 1. Which word can best describe grandparents in old times?
A. Healthy. B. Quiet. C. Hard-working. D. Perfect.
() 2. How many skills does the writer ask us to practise?
A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9.
() 3. What does the underlined phrase “come up with” in the last paragraph mean?
A. care about B. borrow from C. hear of D. think of
() 4. Which of the following is wrong?
A. Play games when you have free time. B. Sit down when you are talking with friends.
C. Climbing stairs is better than taking lifts. D. Walking a dog can help you do some exercise.

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B

【分析】
1. 第1题：定位到第一段关于祖父母的描述，他们过去需做大量体力劳动（长途步行、砍柴、挑水等），体现其勤劳的特点，据此匹配选项。
2. 第2题：找到文中“Practise skills like...”后的列举内容，统计技能数量即可得出答案。
3. 第3题：结合上下文语境，分析“come up with”的含义，匹配同义短语选出答案。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项与原文内容，找出与原文表述不符的错误选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。根据第一段“In the past, your grandparents walked miles to school or to work. They cut wood, carried water or heavy things, washed clothes, worked in the fields and so on.”可知祖父母过去做很多体力活，是勤劳的，故选C。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。根据文中“Practise skills like running and catching, throwing, kicking, hitting, or bouncing a ball.”可知作者要求练习的技能共6项，故选A。
3. 第3题：词义猜测题。结合上下文“ What other ideas can you come up with?”可知此处是问能想出其他什么主意，come up with意为“想出”，与think of同义，故选D。
4. 第4题：细节理解题。根据文中“Walk when you talk with a friend, instead of sitting down.”可知和朋友聊天时应该走路，而非坐下，B选项表述错误，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文围绕体育锻炼展开，题型以细节理解和词义猜测为主，考查学生快速定位信息、理解词义的能力，题目难度适中，适合初中学生巩固英语阅读基础。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、好句积累
1. 我每天晚上睡九个小时，所以我总是精力充沛。

2. 对我而言，保持健康是重要的。

3. 我从来不会不吃早餐就去上学。

4. 太多的糖分对我们的牙齿有害。

5. 我爱吃甜食，对我来说要拒绝蛋糕很难。

6. 有时我熬夜到很晚。我需要获得充足的睡眠。

7. 我打算多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃糖。

8. 运动对我的健康也有好处。

1. I get nine hours of sleep every night, so I am always full of energy.
2. It is important for me to keep fit / healthy.
3. I never go to school without breakfast.
4. Too much sugar is bad for our teeth.
5. I have a sweet tooth and it is hard for me to say no to cakes.
6. Sometimes I stay up late. I need to get enough sleep.
7. I plan to eat more fruit and vegetables and less sugar.
8. Sport is good for my health too.

【分析】本题为健康话题的汉译英练习，需先明确每个中文句子的核心语义与句式结构，再结合英语固定句型、常用短语进行翻译，确保符合英语表达习惯，语法正确、语义通顺。
【解析】1. 本句为因果句，“睡九个小时”译为get nine hours of sleep，“精力充沛”译为full of energy，故译为I get nine hours of sleep every night, so I am always full of energy.
2. 运用固定句型It is important for sb to do sth，“保持健康”译为keep fit/healthy，故译为It is important for me to keep fit / healthy.
3. “不吃早餐就去上学”用go to school without breakfast表达，故译为I never go to school without breakfast.
4. “太多糖分”中sugar为不可数名词，用too much修饰，“对……有害”用be bad for，故译为Too much sugar is bad for our teeth.
5. “爱吃甜食”是固定搭配have a sweet tooth，“拒绝蛋糕很难”用it is hard for me to say no to cakes，故译为I have a sweet tooth and it is hard for me to say no to cakes.
6. “熬夜到很晚”译为stay up late，“充足的睡眠”译为enough sleep，故译为Sometimes I stay up late. I need to get enough sleep.
7. “打算做某事”用plan to do sth，“多吃水果和蔬菜”译为eat more fruit and vegetables，“少吃糖”译为less sugar，故译为I plan to eat more fruit and vegetables and less sugar.
8. “对……有好处”用be good for，故译为Sport is good for my health too.
【答案】1. I get nine hours of sleep every night, so I am always full of energy.
2. It is important for me to keep fit / healthy.
3. I never go to school without breakfast.
4. Too much sugar is bad for our teeth.
5. I have a sweet tooth and it is hard for me to say no to cakes.
6. Sometimes I stay up late. I need to get enough sleep.
7. I plan to eat more fruit and vegetables and less sugar.
8. Sport is good for my health too.
【知识点】汉译英、固定句型、常用短语
【点评】本题围绕健康话题考查基础汉译英，侧重日常英语表达积累，是巩固英语基础的常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.8