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【例2】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
Many companies provide their
【答案】workers
Many companies provide their
workers
(work) with excellent working conditions.【答案】workers
答案
workers
解析
【分析】首先观察句子结构，形容词性物主代词their后需接名词；所给单词work可作动词或名词，但结合语境“公司为他们的______提供良好工作条件”，需要表示“工人”的名词，且many companies对应的工人是复数概念，因此需转换为work对应的表示人的名词的复数形式。
【解析】1. 确定词性：形容词性物主代词their后必须接名词，故需将所给词work转换为名词；2. 词义匹配：work作名词时意为“工作”，不符合语境，需转换为表示“工人”的名词worker；3. 单复数判断：many companies对应的工人不止一个，因此使用可数名词的复数形式workers。
【答案】workers
【知识点】名词转换、可数名词复数
【点评】本题考查名词的适当形式变化，结合语境判断词义和单复数是解题关键，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 确定词性：形容词性物主代词their后必须接名词，故需将所给词work转换为名词；2. 词义匹配：work作名词时意为“工作”，不符合语境，需转换为表示“工人”的名词worker；3. 单复数判断：many companies对应的工人不止一个，因此使用可数名词的复数形式workers。
【答案】workers
【知识点】名词转换、可数名词复数
【点评】本题考查名词的适当形式变化，结合语境判断词义和单复数是解题关键，属于基础题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.7
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. My dream is to become a great movie
2. I made a
3. A good dictionary is very
4. Making flashcards is an
5. Too much stress can sometimes lead to
1. My dream is to become a great movie
actor
(act) like Jackie Chan when I grow up.2. I made a
careless
(care) mistake in the maths test because I didn't check my answer.3. A good dictionary is very
useful
(use) for students to learn new words.4. Making flashcards is an
effective
(effect) way to help remember English vocabulary.5. Too much stress can sometimes lead to
forgetfulness
(forget), so it's important to relax.答案
1. actor 2. careless 3. useful 4. effective
5. forgetfulness
5. forgetfulness
解析
【分析】本题考查英语单词的适当形式填空，解题思路为：先分析每个句子中空缺处的语法成分（如名词、形容词等），再结合括号内单词的词性，转换为符合语境和语法要求的形式。
【解析】1. 句意：我的梦想是长大后成为像成龙那样伟大的电影演员。空缺处需表示“演员”的名词，括号内act是动词，转换为表示人的名词actor；2. 句意：我在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误，因为我没检查答案。空缺处修饰名词mistake，需用形容词，括号内care转换为形容词careless（粗心的）；3. 句意：一本好词典对学生学习新单词非常有用。be动词后需接形容词作表语，括号内use转换为形容词useful；4. 句意：制作抽认卡是帮助记忆英语词汇的有效方法。空缺处修饰名词way，需用形容词，括号内effect转换为形容词effective；5. 句意：太多压力有时会导致健忘，所以放松很重要。lead to短语后需接名词作宾语，括号内forget转换为名词forgetfulness（健忘）。
【答案】1. actor 2. careless 3. useful 4. effective 5. forgetfulness
【知识点】词性转换；形容词的用法；名词的构成
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词形转换题，核心是根据句子成分判断所需词性，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】0.7
【解析】1. 句意：我的梦想是长大后成为像成龙那样伟大的电影演员。空缺处需表示“演员”的名词，括号内act是动词，转换为表示人的名词actor；2. 句意：我在数学考试中犯了一个粗心的错误，因为我没检查答案。空缺处修饰名词mistake，需用形容词，括号内care转换为形容词careless（粗心的）；3. 句意：一本好词典对学生学习新单词非常有用。be动词后需接形容词作表语，括号内use转换为形容词useful；4. 句意：制作抽认卡是帮助记忆英语词汇的有效方法。空缺处修饰名词way，需用形容词，括号内effect转换为形容词effective；5. 句意：太多压力有时会导致健忘，所以放松很重要。lead to短语后需接名词作宾语，括号内forget转换为名词forgetfulness（健忘）。
【答案】1. actor 2. careless 3. useful 4. effective 5. forgetfulness
【知识点】词性转换；形容词的用法；名词的构成
【点评】本题为初中英语基础词形转换题，核心是根据句子成分判断所需词性，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础词汇的变形规则。
【难度系数】0.7
二、阅读还原
阅读短文，从方框中选出最佳选项填入对应的空白处，使短文通顺、意义完整。选项中有一项为多余选项。
What Causes Memory Loss and Forgetfulness?
Like the rest of our bodies, our brains change with age, meaning that most of us will find ourselves struggling to recall newly learned information or even to think of words we know well when we grow old. That's usually not cause for alarm, since some memory loss in elderly people is quite normal and not a sign of memory loss diseases such as Alzheimer's. 1. ?
2. . But actually, many of these normal-looking memory problems are linked to a small drop in our ability. This ability is for doing tasks that need attention and so-called executive function (planning, sequencing, and regulating thought). Specific age-related changes in the brain are connected with that lower executive function.
With age, both the brain's chemistry and the structural strength of the neurons' wiring get worse. That doesn't mean you'll never be able to recall the bit of information that's hard to get back from you, but it does mean it might take some time for the brain to build a path to where the memory is stored. Thus most "memory loss" in seniors is actually just a slowing of performance. 3. , but it might take you longer—and require a bit more willpower—than it did when you were younger.
We also know that stress, tiredness, lack of sleep, and the feeling of being too busy can lead to short-term memory loss and forgetfulness. Middle age can be a difficult period of life in which our responsibilities can spread to ourselves, our husbands or wives, our jobs, our children, our parents, and even our grandchildren. 4. .
5. ______ ? If you begin to experience difficulty completing familiar tasks, or have periods of forgetfulness that last beyond small inconvenience and break your day-to-day work (how things operate), there may be something more serious going on than normal age-related memory loss.
阅读短文，从方框中选出最佳选项填入对应的空白处，使短文通顺、意义完整。选项中有一项为多余选项。
What Causes Memory Loss and Forgetfulness?
Like the rest of our bodies, our brains change with age, meaning that most of us will find ourselves struggling to recall newly learned information or even to think of words we know well when we grow old. That's usually not cause for alarm, since some memory loss in elderly people is quite normal and not a sign of memory loss diseases such as Alzheimer's. 1. ?
2. . But actually, many of these normal-looking memory problems are linked to a small drop in our ability. This ability is for doing tasks that need attention and so-called executive function (planning, sequencing, and regulating thought). Specific age-related changes in the brain are connected with that lower executive function.
With age, both the brain's chemistry and the structural strength of the neurons' wiring get worse. That doesn't mean you'll never be able to recall the bit of information that's hard to get back from you, but it does mean it might take some time for the brain to build a path to where the memory is stored. Thus most "memory loss" in seniors is actually just a slowing of performance. 3. , but it might take you longer—and require a bit more willpower—than it did when you were younger.
We also know that stress, tiredness, lack of sleep, and the feeling of being too busy can lead to short-term memory loss and forgetfulness. Middle age can be a difficult period of life in which our responsibilities can spread to ourselves, our husbands or wives, our jobs, our children, our parents, and even our grandchildren. 4. .
5. ______ ? If you begin to experience difficulty completing familiar tasks, or have periods of forgetfulness that last beyond small inconvenience and break your day-to-day work (how things operate), there may be something more serious going on than normal age-related memory loss.
答案
1. C 2. E 3. A 4. D 5. B
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读还原题，需结合上下文的逻辑关系（如设问呼应、转折衔接、指代关系、顺承关系等）逐一分析每个空白处的选项：
1. 第1空：前文提到正常的记忆丧失无需恐慌，句末为问号，需引出相关问题，选项C为问句，询问记忆丧失的原因及随年龄变化的方式，符合语境；
2. 第2空：后文以But转折，指出看似正常的记忆问题实际与注意力能力下降有关，前文需表达人们对年龄相关记忆丧失的普遍看法，选项E“我们认为随年龄增长的一些记忆丧失是正常的”符合转折前的语境；
3. 第3空：前文说明老年人的记忆丧失只是表现变慢，后文转折说“但可能需要更长时间”，需补充说明老年人仍具备记忆相关能力，选项A“你仍然可以学习、保留和回忆大量信息”承接上下文；
4. 第4空：前文提到中年责任繁多，需说明这种情况对记忆的影响，选项D中“This”指代前文的责任繁多，指出其导致注意力不集中，符合语境；
5. 第5空：后文以问号引出何时需就医的内容，选项B为问句，询问何时因记忆丧失就医，与后文呼应。
【解析】
1. 第1空：根据前文“正常的记忆丧失无需恐慌”及句末问号，需选引出问题的选项，C符合；
2. 第2空：后文But转折，前文需表达人们对年龄相关记忆丧失的普遍认知，E符合；
3. 第3空：前文说明老年人记忆只是变慢，后文转折说耗时更长，A补充说明仍能完成记忆相关行为，符合；
4. 第4空：前文提到中年责任多，D中“This”指代该情况，说明其导致注意力不集中，符合；
5. 第5空：后文讲何时需就医，B为相关问句，符合。
【答案】
1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读还原、上下文逻辑推理
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读还原能力，需关注上下文的衔接词、指代关系及设问呼应，难度适中，需学生具备一定的语篇逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读还原题，需结合上下文的逻辑关系（如设问呼应、转折衔接、指代关系、顺承关系等）逐一分析每个空白处的选项：
1. 第1空：前文提到正常的记忆丧失无需恐慌，句末为问号，需引出相关问题，选项C为问句，询问记忆丧失的原因及随年龄变化的方式，符合语境；
2. 第2空：后文以But转折，指出看似正常的记忆问题实际与注意力能力下降有关，前文需表达人们对年龄相关记忆丧失的普遍看法，选项E“我们认为随年龄增长的一些记忆丧失是正常的”符合转折前的语境；
3. 第3空：前文说明老年人的记忆丧失只是表现变慢，后文转折说“但可能需要更长时间”，需补充说明老年人仍具备记忆相关能力，选项A“你仍然可以学习、保留和回忆大量信息”承接上下文；
4. 第4空：前文提到中年责任繁多，需说明这种情况对记忆的影响，选项D中“This”指代前文的责任繁多，指出其导致注意力不集中，符合语境；
5. 第5空：后文以问号引出何时需就医的内容，选项B为问句，询问何时因记忆丧失就医，与后文呼应。
【解析】
1. 第1空：根据前文“正常的记忆丧失无需恐慌”及句末问号，需选引出问题的选项，C符合；
2. 第2空：后文But转折，前文需表达人们对年龄相关记忆丧失的普遍认知，E符合；
3. 第3空：前文说明老年人记忆只是变慢，后文转折说耗时更长，A补充说明仍能完成记忆相关行为，符合；
4. 第4空：前文提到中年责任多，D中“This”指代该情况，说明其导致注意力不集中，符合；
5. 第5空：后文讲何时需就医，B为相关问句，符合。
【答案】
1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读还原、上下文逻辑推理
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读还原能力，需关注上下文的衔接词、指代关系及设问呼应，难度适中，需学生具备一定的语篇逻辑分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
