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五、(核心素养·思维品质)阅读理解。
一片垃圾的重量
How do you deal with your rubbish when you are outside? Do you sort(分类)rubbish before throwing it away?
When my children were younger，we used to walk a gravelled trail(碎石小道)around the lake near our home.
① One spring day my daughter and I noticed just how much rubbish was lying along the trail. So the next day we brought a big rubbish bag with us and started to pick up the rubbish along our way slowly，step by step. ② There were pop cans(易拉罐)，wrappers for candy bars，plastic water bottles，empty chip bags，pieces of broken fishing line and even a worn - out shoe. We stopped and picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of rubbish out of the edge(边)of the water. By the time we had circled the lake，the bag was nearly full.
③ We stopped before we headed home and took one last look at the lake as the sun set. It looked more beautiful than ever.
I know that at times this world’s problems can seem overwhelming and you wonder what you can do to make a difference. But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference! Every time you stop to pick up a single piece of rubbish，you make a difference in the world. Every smile you share makes a difference. Every kind word you say makes a difference. Every hug you share，every flower you plant，every animal you save... Everything you do，no matter how small，makes a difference in this world. ④
Therefore，make your difference today by doing things like picking up a piece of rubbish.
(
A. They just went for a walk.
B. They picked up the rubbish.
C. They sorted different kinds of rubbish.
D. They looked for a worn - out shoe.
(
A. Different.
B. Difficult.
C. Dangerous.
D. Dark.
(
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(
A. Sorting rubbish
B. The world’s bad problems
C. Protecting the animals
D. Starting doing good，small things
一片垃圾的重量
How do you deal with your rubbish when you are outside? Do you sort(分类)rubbish before throwing it away?
When my children were younger，we used to walk a gravelled trail(碎石小道)around the lake near our home.
① One spring day my daughter and I noticed just how much rubbish was lying along the trail. So the next day we brought a big rubbish bag with us and started to pick up the rubbish along our way slowly，step by step. ② There were pop cans(易拉罐)，wrappers for candy bars，plastic water bottles，empty chip bags，pieces of broken fishing line and even a worn - out shoe. We stopped and picked up each one and even fished a few pieces of rubbish out of the edge(边)of the water. By the time we had circled the lake，the bag was nearly full.
③ We stopped before we headed home and took one last look at the lake as the sun set. It looked more beautiful than ever.
I know that at times this world’s problems can seem overwhelming and you wonder what you can do to make a difference. But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference! Every time you stop to pick up a single piece of rubbish，you make a difference in the world. Every smile you share makes a difference. Every kind word you say makes a difference. Every hug you share，every flower you plant，every animal you save... Everything you do，no matter how small，makes a difference in this world. ④
Therefore，make your difference today by doing things like picking up a piece of rubbish.
(
B
)1. What did the writer and her daughter do around the lake that day?A. They just went for a walk.
B. They picked up the rubbish.
C. They sorted different kinds of rubbish.
D. They looked for a worn - out shoe.
(
B
)2. What does the underlined word “overwhelming” mean?A. Different.
B. Difficult.
C. Dangerous.
D. Dark.
(
C
)3. Where can we put the sentence “Tired but happy，we put the bag in an empty rubbish bin. ”?A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(
D
)4. What may be the best title for the passage?A. Sorting rubbish
B. The world’s bad problems
C. Protecting the animals
D. Starting doing good，small things
答案
1~4. BBCD
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照不同题型的解题逻辑逐一突破：
1. 细节类题目先读题干，带着问题回原文精准定位对应内容，排除和原文不符的干扰选项；
2. 词义猜测题结合上下文语境，通过前后句的逻辑关系推断生词含义，排除语义不匹配的选项；
3. 句子还原题先明确待插入句子的语义，梳理原文的叙事顺序，找到上下文衔接最顺畅的位置；
4. 主旨大意题要通读全文，抓住文章核心表达的观点，选择最贴合全文主旨的标题，排除片面的局部内容选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段内容“So the next day we brought a big rubbish bag with us and started to pick up the rubbish along our way slowly，step by step”，可知作者和女儿当天的核心行为是沿路捡垃圾。A选项“只是散步”不符合原文，C选项“给垃圾分类”文中没有提及，D选项“找破鞋子”属于无中生有，因此选B。
2. 第2题：划线词所在句后文提到“你会疑惑自己能做什么来给世界带来改变”，说明此处表达的是人们有时会觉得世界的问题太过庞大、很难应对，A“不同的”、C“危险的”、D“黑暗的”都不符合语境，overwhelming此处含义对应“难以应对的”，和Difficult语义匹配，因此选B。
3. 第3题：待还原的句子“Tired but happy，we put the bag in an empty rubbish bin.”语义为“虽然累但很开心，我们把垃圾袋放进了空垃圾桶”，原文叙事逻辑是：绕湖走完后垃圾袋几乎装满，之后回家前先处理掉装满的垃圾袋，再停下来看日落，该句子放在③的位置可以完美衔接“袋子几乎满了”和“看日落准备回家”的两个情节，逻辑最顺畅，因此选C。
4. 第4题：全文通过作者和女儿捡湖边垃圾的小事，引出核心观点：所有微小的善意举动都能给世界带来改变，鼓励大家从身边的小事做起做好事。A“垃圾分类”、B“世界的糟糕问题”、C“保护动物”都只是文中的局部提及内容，不能覆盖全文主旨，因此最佳标题选D。
【答案】
1~4. BBCD
【知识点】
细节理解，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读属于贴合生活的环保主题记叙文，既考察了学生基础的原文信息定位能力，也兼顾了对语句衔接逻辑、主旨提炼能力的综合考察，同时渗透了“小事也能带来大改变”的正向价值观引导，符合英语学科核心素养的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照不同题型的解题逻辑逐一突破：
1. 细节类题目先读题干，带着问题回原文精准定位对应内容，排除和原文不符的干扰选项；
2. 词义猜测题结合上下文语境，通过前后句的逻辑关系推断生词含义，排除语义不匹配的选项；
3. 句子还原题先明确待插入句子的语义，梳理原文的叙事顺序，找到上下文衔接最顺畅的位置；
4. 主旨大意题要通读全文，抓住文章核心表达的观点，选择最贴合全文主旨的标题，排除片面的局部内容选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段内容“So the next day we brought a big rubbish bag with us and started to pick up the rubbish along our way slowly，step by step”，可知作者和女儿当天的核心行为是沿路捡垃圾。A选项“只是散步”不符合原文，C选项“给垃圾分类”文中没有提及，D选项“找破鞋子”属于无中生有，因此选B。
2. 第2题：划线词所在句后文提到“你会疑惑自己能做什么来给世界带来改变”，说明此处表达的是人们有时会觉得世界的问题太过庞大、很难应对，A“不同的”、C“危险的”、D“黑暗的”都不符合语境，overwhelming此处含义对应“难以应对的”，和Difficult语义匹配，因此选B。
3. 第3题：待还原的句子“Tired but happy，we put the bag in an empty rubbish bin.”语义为“虽然累但很开心，我们把垃圾袋放进了空垃圾桶”，原文叙事逻辑是：绕湖走完后垃圾袋几乎装满，之后回家前先处理掉装满的垃圾袋，再停下来看日落，该句子放在③的位置可以完美衔接“袋子几乎满了”和“看日落准备回家”的两个情节，逻辑最顺畅，因此选C。
4. 第4题：全文通过作者和女儿捡湖边垃圾的小事，引出核心观点：所有微小的善意举动都能给世界带来改变，鼓励大家从身边的小事做起做好事。A“垃圾分类”、B“世界的糟糕问题”、C“保护动物”都只是文中的局部提及内容，不能覆盖全文主旨，因此最佳标题选D。
【答案】
1~4. BBCD
【知识点】
细节理解，词义猜测，主旨归纳
【点评】
这篇阅读属于贴合生活的环保主题记叙文，既考察了学生基础的原文信息定位能力，也兼顾了对语句衔接逻辑、主旨提炼能力的综合考察，同时渗透了“小事也能带来大改变”的正向价值观引导，符合英语学科核心素养的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
