一、根据括号中的中文提示，写出句中所缺单词，使句子通顺。
1. (位于)in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as the birthplace of the country's civilization.
2. After putting out the fire, the (历史上著名的)photos in the Nanjing photo studio were finally out of danger.
3. The Tang (朝代)was the golden age of classical Chinese poetry.
4. The new language (学习)app helps Chinese speakers learn English more easily.
5. This show encourages the school to allow students to (探索)new things in their lives.
6. Qian Xuesen spent many years teaching and doing research at (大学)in the USA.

1. Resting 2. historic 3. Dynasty 4. learning 5. explore 6. universities

【分析】
拿到这类根据中文提示补全单词的题目，首先要通读完整句子，先判断空格处所需单词的词性，再结合中文提示匹配对应的英文基础词汇，最后结合句子的语法规则（比如非谓语作状语、形容词作定语、固定搭配、名词的数、专有名词书写要求等）调整词汇的正确形式，确保填入后句子语义通顺、语法合规。比如第一空主句结构完整，前面是状语成分，要使用非谓语形式；第二空修饰名词需要用形容词；第三空是历史专有名词要注意首字母大写，一步步推导就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：位于中国西北部，西安被视为华夏文明的发源地。句子已有完整的主系表主句结构，空格处作伴随状语，和逻辑主语Xi'an是主动关系，结合中文提示“位于”，填入现在分词Resting。
2. 句意：大火被扑灭后，南京照相馆里那些历史上著名的照片最终脱离了危险。空格后是名词photos，需要填入形容词作定语，对应中文“历史上著名的”，填入historic。
3. 句意：唐朝是中国古典诗歌的黄金时代。对应中文“朝代”的英文为dynasty，此处特指唐朝，属于历史专有名词，首字母需要大写，填入Dynasty。
4. 句意：这款新的语言学习应用能帮助说中文的人更轻松地学英语。空格修饰名词app，用动名词作定语表示事物的功能用途，对应中文“学习”的动名词形式为learning，language learning app表示语言学习应用。
5. 句意：这个节目鼓励学校允许学生探索生活中的新事物。此处符合固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.的结构，to后接动词原形，对应中文“探索”，填入explore。
6. 句意：钱学森在美国的多所大学任教和从事研究工作很多年。此处表示不止一所大学，要用可数名词university的复数形式，填入universities。
【答案】
1. Resting 2. historic 3. Dynasty 4. learning 5. explore 6. universities
【知识点】
单词拼写，词性辨析，非谓语用法
【点评】
本题结合历史文化、名人轶事的生活化语境考查词汇运用，既考查基础词义识记，也要求学生结合语法规则判断词汇的正确变形，还能引导学生区分易混词汇（如historic和historical）、注意专有名词书写规范，兼顾基础和灵活运用能力的考查。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、根据短文内容，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整通顺。
Like many other young people, I'm interested in 1(take)a trip. Every year my parents take me to different places on vacation. I enjoyed 2(me)in all these places. But the trip to Dalian was my favourite one.
I remember I was ten years old that summer. I took a fast train to Dalian with my mother. When we got there, the 3(one)thing was to see the sea. Before I was there, I never saw the sea. It was really great. There was so 4(many)blue water that you couldn't see the end.
On the soft beach, I took off my shoes, running and 5(jump). Sea waves and sea wind kept moving to the beach. They seemed to be telling me some great stories. When walking on the beach, I picked a lot of shells. They were really 6(wonder).
Later, I sat on the beach to have a rest and enjoyed the sunshine. Then I got into the water. The water kept making me up and down like a swing. Just at that time, I saw a yacht(快艇)7(run)on the water. I wanted to sit on it, but I was kind of afraid. Then my mother said to me, "Dear, just go for it and try to be yourself. If you are 8(scare), just shout!" As a result, I got on the yacht. Soon it ran quickly and I felt like I was flying. I liked this kind of 9(feel)so much that I was not afraid any more. It was 10(excite)! You never know until you try something.
I really enjoyed that vacation. It taught me a lot and I had a lot of fun with it. I'll never forget this trip.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. taking 2. myself 3. first 4. much 5. jumping 6. wonderful 7. running 8. scared 9. feeling 10. exciting

【分析】
解题时首先通读全文，理清短文讲述的大连旅行的叙事脉络，再逐空结合空格前后的语法搭配、固定短语、语境含义判断单词的正确变形：1. 看到空前介词in，回忆介词后要接动名词形式；2. 看到空前动词enjoy，联想固定搭配enjoy oneself表示玩得开心，要把人称代词转为反身代词；3. 要表达“第一件事”的含义，基数词要转为序数词；4. 后面是不可数名词water，要把修饰可数名词的many换成修饰不可数的much；5. 看到并列连词and前面的running，要保持并列结构形式一致，用现在分词；6. 空前是be动词were，后面需要形容词作表语，名词要转为形容词；7. 联想固定结构see sth doing sth表示看见某物正在做某事，用现在分词作宾补；8. 空前是be动词are，后面需要修饰人感受的形容词作表语；9. 空前是介词of，后面需要接名词，动词要转为名词形式；10. 要修饰事物“坐快艇的经历很令人兴奋”，用-ing结尾的形容词作表语。
【解析】
1. 空前是介词in，介词后接动词时需要用动名词形式，take的动名词是taking，故填taking。
2. 此处是固定搭配enjoy oneself，意为“玩得开心、过得愉快”，人称代词me对应的反身代词是myself，故填myself。
3. 此处要表达“第一件事是看海”，定冠词the后接序数词表示顺序，one对应的序数词是first，故填first。
4. 空后是不可数名词water，many只能修饰可数名词复数，修饰不可数名词要使用much，so much表示“如此多的”，故填much。
5. 并列连词and连接并列的伴随状语成分，前面的running是现在分词，因此jump也要变为现在分词jumping，保持结构一致，故填jumping。
6. 空前是be动词were，此处需要形容词作表语，名词wonder对应的形容词是wonderful，意为“绝妙的”，故填wonderful。
7. 此处是固定结构see sth doing sth，意为“看见某物正在做某事”，强调动作正在发生，run的现在分词是running，故填running。
8. 空前是be动词are，此处需要修饰人感受的形容词作表语，scare对应的描述人感受的形容词是scared，意为“感到害怕的”，故填scared。
9. 空前是介词of，介词后接名词作宾语，动词feel对应的名词是feeling，意为“感觉”，故填feeling。
10. 此处要修饰事物（坐快艇这件事），表示“令人兴奋的”，要使用excite对应的-ing形式形容词exciting，故填exciting。
【答案】
1. taking 2. myself 3. first 4. much 5. jumping 6. wonderful 7. running 8. scared 9. feeling 10. exciting
【知识点】
介词后接动名词，固定短语搭配，词形转换
【点评】
本题是初中英语基础的短文词形变换题型，考察的都是课标要求掌握的基础语法点，涵盖反身代词、序数词、非谓语动词、形容词转换等常见考点，大部分空都可以通过固定搭配直接得出答案，仅需要学生结合语境区分-ed和-ing结尾的形容词的用法，整体考察侧重基础积累。
【难度系数】
0.7