四、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。
|clean|turn off|step|short|one|
|----|----|----|----|----|
|buy|with|your|make|cause|
|----|----|----|----|----|
Want to protect the environment? You probably can't fix everything on your own, but by taking small 1 and keeping the environment in mind every day, you can make a difference.
2, think green. Challenge yourself to think about the environment as you live your life. If you 3 the lights when you leave a room, you'll save energy. If you take 4 showers, you'll save water. Never pour 5 water or waste into soil or nearby rivers.
Secondly, shop green. Shopping is fun, but buying things you don't need is wasteful and really bad for the earth. Thoughtless consumption is the main 6 of serious pollution in many places. Before you buy something, ask 7 whether you'll use it. Keep yourself away from 8 products with unnecessary packaging.
Thirdly, dress green. Try to choose eco-friendly clothes that won't harm the environment. But what really matters isn't the colour; it's how the clothes 9. No matter where you shop, keep an eye out for products made with environmentally friendly materials like organic cotton, grown 10 pesticides.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1. steps 2. Firstly 3. turn off 4. shorter 5. unclean 6. cause 7. yourself 8. buying 9. are made 10. without

【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的选词填空题，解题可以按三步推进：第一，先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍普通人从三个日常维度践行环保的方法，理清行文是分点论述的逻辑结构；第二，先梳理方框内所有词和短语的词性、含义，预判可能的变形方向，比如名词单复数、形容词比较级/否定前缀、动词非谓语/被动语态、代词反身变形等；第三，逐个结合空格前后的搭配、上下文语义、语法规则匹配词汇，同时注意每个词只能使用一次，全部填完后通读校验语句是否通顺、符合逻辑。比如看到后文出现Secondly、Thirdly，就能对应推导第二空要填表示“首先”的变形词汇，看到动词take就能联想到固定搭配take steps，一步步推导即可得出所有答案。
【解析】
1. 空1：固定搭配take small steps表示“采取小的举措/步骤”，step是可数名词，此处用复数形式，填steps。
2. 空2：后文依次出现Secondly（第二）、Thirdly（第三），对应分点论述的第一点，将one变形为序数词的副词形式Firstly，首字母大写，填Firstly。
3. 空3：根据“离开房间、节约能源”的提示，对应动作是关闭电灯，短语turn off表示“关闭（电器）”，主语为you，一般现在时用原形，填turn off。
4. 空4：根据“节约水资源”的提示，需要缩短淋浴时长，此处用形容词short的比较级shorter，表示“更短的”，shorter showers即时长更短的淋浴，填shorter。
5. 空5：句意为不要把不干净的水或者废弃物倒进土壤或附近河流，给clean加否定前缀un变为unclean，表示“不干净的”，修饰名词water，填unclean。
6. 空6：句意为盲目消费是很多地方严重污染的主要起因，cause此处作名词表示“原因、起因”，填cause。
7. 空7：固定搭配ask oneself表示“反问自己”，将your变为反身代词yourself，句意为买东西之前反问自己是否真的会用到它，填yourself。
8. 空8：固定搭配keep away from doing sth.表示“远离做某事”，介词from后接动名词，因此buy变为buying，填buying。
9. 空9：句意为真正重要的不是衣服的颜色，而是衣服的制作方式，clothes和make是被动关系，使用一般现在时的被动语态are made，填are made。
10. 空10：句意为比如有机棉，种植过程不使用农药，介词with的否定形式without表示“没有、无”，填without。
【答案】
1. steps 2. Firstly 3. turn off 4. shorter 5. unclean 6. cause 7. yourself 8. buying 9. are made 10. without
【知识点】
1. 词形转换
2. 固定短语搭配
3. 被动语态
【点评】
本题围绕环保主题展开，贴合日常生活场景，既考查学生对基础词汇含义的掌握，也综合覆盖了名词复数、形容词变形、非谓语动词、反身代词、被动语态等多个语法考点，同时渗透了绿色环保的价值引导，解题时需要学生结合上下文的分点逻辑和语义提示，注意不要出现词形变形错误的问题。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、阅读理解。
The Seine is a beautiful river which goes through France. However, the Seine was seriously polluted. Raphael wanted to clean the river.

Cleaning the river was a big job, Raphael fished rubbish out of the river. He did it nearly every weekend for many years. He fished with his dad. They could collect a lot of rubbish in a single day.
Raphael learned about cleaning rivers from the Internet. Once, he found a video. People were fishing metal(金属) objects out of rivers. They used ropes tied to magnets(磁铁). That Christmas, Raphael asked his parents for supplies. He got some ropes, a hook(鱼钩), and a powerful magnet. The magnet was very strong. It could attract metal objects easily.
When he began, fishing for metal was just a weekend activity. But Raphael soon saw just how much rubbish there was at the bottom of the river. He wanted to do more. “It became like a full-time job,” he said.
Raphael won an award for his efforts(努力). Raphael is confident about his progress now. A section of the Seine is clearer than the rest of the river. That is where he first started fishing for metal.
Raphael couldn't clean the river just by his dad and himself before, but he won't give up. He hopes he is one of the first to swim in the river when it is safe.
()1. Why did Raphael want to clean the Seine?
A. Because he wanted to receive an award in the end.
B. Because he wanted to be a volunteer in his new community.
C. Because he wanted to go fishing with his dad at weekends.
D. Because the river was seriously polluted.
()2. 新考法—图片理解 How did Raphael probably clean the river?
A.
B.
C.
D.
()3. Which paragraph shows the result of Raphael's efforts?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
()4. We can learn some good qualities from Raphael EXCEPT .
A. being helpful
B. being creative
C. being hard-working
D. being lazy

1. D 【点拨】根据第一段内容可知,是因为这条河被严重污染。故选 D。
2. C 【点拨】根据“People were fishing metal(金属) objects out of rivers. They used ropes tied to magnets(磁铁). That Christmas, Raphael asked his parents for supplies. He got some ropes, a hook(鱼钩), and a powerful magnet.”可知,拉斐尔可能是用系着强力磁铁的绳子和钩子来打捞河里的金属垃圾。故选 C。
3. C 【点拨】根据全文内容可知,第五段展示了拉斐尔努力清理河流所取得的成果。故选 C。
4. D 【点拨】根据文章可知,拉斐尔几乎每个周末都和爸爸一起打捞垃圾,体现了他勤奋、乐于帮忙;他从视频中学习清理方法并运用磁铁等自制清理工具,体现了他有创造力。文中没有体现他懒惰。故选 D。

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照“题干划关键词→回原文定位对应内容→逐一排除错误选项”的思路解题：首先第1题询问清理塞纳河的原因，直接回到文章开头第一段找动因描述；第2题是图片理解题，先定位文中关于清理工具、清理方式的描述，再匹配对应插图；第3题要找体现努力成果的段落，逐段梳理段落核心内容，找到描述清理后河流变化、获得正向反馈的段落即可；第4题要找不属于主人公品质的选项，结合全文主人公的行为逐一匹配品质，排除文中有体现的正向品质，剩下的就是答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段内容：“However, the Seine was seriously polluted. Raphael wanted to clean the river.”，可知Raphael清理塞纳河的直接原因是河流被严重污染。选项A的获奖是后续的结果而非初衷，选项B的社区志愿者文中完全未提及，选项C和爸爸周末打捞垃圾是清理过程的行为而非清理河流的原因，因此选D。
2. 定位原文第三段内容：“People were fishing metal(金属) objects out of rivers. They used ropes tied to magnets(磁铁). That Christmas, Raphael asked his parents for supplies. He got some ropes, a hook(鱼钩), and a powerful magnet.”，可知Raphael是用绑着强力磁铁的绳索搭配钩子打捞河里的金属垃圾，对应插图C的内容，因此选C。
3. 逐段梳理核心内容：第3段介绍Raphael学习清理方法、准备清理工具；第4段介绍他把打捞金属垃圾从周末活动变成类似全职的长期行动；第5段提到他因自己的努力获奖，他最先开始打捞的那一段塞纳河比其余河段更清澈，这正是他努力取得的成果；第6段介绍他未来的期望，因此体现努力成果的是第5段，选C。
4. 通读全文可知，Raphael多年几乎每个周末都参与打捞垃圾，体现了他勤奋的特质；主动从网上学习清理方法，搭配磁铁、绳索自制清理工具，体现了他富有创造力的特质；主动自发清理被污染的公共河流，体现了他乐于助人的特质，全文没有任何内容能体现他懒惰，因此选D。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，图文语义匹配，人物形象推断
【点评】
这是一篇环保主题的记叙文阅读理解，考点覆盖常规细节查找、新考法图片理解、段落主旨判断、人物品质推断，既考查学生快速定位原文关键信息的阅读能力，也引导学生学习主人公坚持公益、勇于行动的优秀品质，命题设置梯度合理，符合中小学英语阅读的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.7