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E Read and choose(阅读短文，选择正确的答案)
Each place has its own rules. When I go to school with my friends, we have rules to help us know what to do. We have rules for play and we have rules for work. Sometimes we work quietly to finish the exercise, and sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.
Rules help us learn. One rule is to listen. If others are talking, I should listen carefully. Rules help us to be polite. I say "Please", "Thank you", and "Excuse me". I speak kind words in a friendly way.
When we all know and follow the rules, we can be happy with our friends and learn well at school.
(
a play
b work
c a and b
(
a Speak kind words in a friendly way.
b Sing loudly.
c Go to school early.
(
a 大声喧哗
b 畅所欲言
c 沉默不语
(
a We can't speak up at school.
b To be polite, we should use kind words.
c When we follow the rules, we can have a good time with our friends.
(
a Each place has rules
b Follow the rules
c How to be happy
Each place has its own rules. When I go to school with my friends, we have rules to help us know what to do. We have rules for play and we have rules for work. Sometimes we work quietly to finish the exercise, and sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.
Rules help us learn. One rule is to listen. If others are talking, I should listen carefully. Rules help us to be polite. I say "Please", "Thank you", and "Excuse me". I speak kind words in a friendly way.
When we all know and follow the rules, we can be happy with our friends and learn well at school.
(
c
) 1 We have rules for a and b
at school.a play
b work
c a and b
(
a
) 2 Which rule can help us to be polite?a Speak kind words in a friendly way.
b Sing loudly.
c Go to school early.
(
b
) 3 The phrase "speak up" means "畅所欲言
".a 大声喧哗
b 畅所欲言
c 沉默不语
(
a
) 4 According to the passage, which is NOT right?a We can't speak up at school.
b To be polite, we should use kind words.
c When we follow the rules, we can have a good time with our friends.
(
b
) 5 The best title (标题) for this passage is "Follow the rules
".a Each place has rules
b Follow the rules
c How to be happy
答案
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题：先定位到短文第一段，找到“We have rules for play and we have rules for work.”这句话，明确规则既针对玩耍也针对学习，所以选包含两者的选项。
2. 第2题：聚焦第二段关于礼貌规则的内容，文中提到礼貌的表现包括说礼貌用语、用友好的方式说友善的话，对比选项，只有a选项符合描述，b和c与礼貌无关，可排除。
3. 第3题：结合上下文语境，前文说安静完成练习，后文说讨论问题，“speak up”在这里是为了讨论问题而积极发言，“畅所欲言”符合这个语境，“大声喧哗”带有贬义不符合讨论场景，“沉默不语”与语境相反，所以选b。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项，a选项说在学校不能“speak up”，但第一段明确提到有时会“speak up”讨论问题，所以a错误；b选项对应第二段礼貌的内容，正确；c选项对应最后一段遵守规则能和朋友开心相处的内容，正确，因此选a。
5. 第5题：分析短文主旨，短文开头引出规则，接着讲学校规则的作用，最后强调遵守规则的好处，核心是倡导遵守规则，a选项只是开头铺垫，c选项偏离主题，所以最佳标题是b。
【解析】
1. 根据短文第一段“We have rules for play and we have rules for work.”可知，学校里的规则既适用于玩耍也适用于学习，故选c。
2. 由第二段“Rules help us to be polite...I speak kind words in a friendly way.”可知，用友好的方式说友善的话是帮助我们变得有礼貌的规则，故选a。
3. 结合上下文“Sometimes we work quietly to finish the exercise, and sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.”，安静做题和讨论问题是两种不同场景，讨论问题需要积极发言，“speak up”在这里意为“畅所欲言”，故选b。
4. 选项a表述“我们在学校不能畅所欲言”与第一段“sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.”矛盾，是错误的；选项b和c均能在文中找到对应正确内容，故选a。
5. 短文围绕学校的规则展开，重点强调遵守规则能让我们和朋友开心相处、学好知识，核心是“遵守规则”，a选项范围过大，c选项偏离主题，故选b。
【答案】
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 语境词义猜测
3. 主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇短文围绕“规则”展开，考查学生对文本细节的提取、词义的语境理解以及主旨的归纳能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，通过定位关键语句逐一分析选项，注意排除与原文不符或偏离主题的选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第1题：先定位到短文第一段，找到“We have rules for play and we have rules for work.”这句话，明确规则既针对玩耍也针对学习，所以选包含两者的选项。
2. 第2题：聚焦第二段关于礼貌规则的内容，文中提到礼貌的表现包括说礼貌用语、用友好的方式说友善的话，对比选项，只有a选项符合描述，b和c与礼貌无关，可排除。
3. 第3题：结合上下文语境，前文说安静完成练习，后文说讨论问题，“speak up”在这里是为了讨论问题而积极发言，“畅所欲言”符合这个语境，“大声喧哗”带有贬义不符合讨论场景，“沉默不语”与语境相反，所以选b。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项，a选项说在学校不能“speak up”，但第一段明确提到有时会“speak up”讨论问题，所以a错误；b选项对应第二段礼貌的内容，正确；c选项对应最后一段遵守规则能和朋友开心相处的内容，正确，因此选a。
5. 第5题：分析短文主旨，短文开头引出规则，接着讲学校规则的作用，最后强调遵守规则的好处，核心是倡导遵守规则，a选项只是开头铺垫，c选项偏离主题，所以最佳标题是b。
【解析】
1. 根据短文第一段“We have rules for play and we have rules for work.”可知，学校里的规则既适用于玩耍也适用于学习，故选c。
2. 由第二段“Rules help us to be polite...I speak kind words in a friendly way.”可知，用友好的方式说友善的话是帮助我们变得有礼貌的规则，故选a。
3. 结合上下文“Sometimes we work quietly to finish the exercise, and sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.”，安静做题和讨论问题是两种不同场景，讨论问题需要积极发言，“speak up”在这里意为“畅所欲言”，故选b。
4. 选项a表述“我们在学校不能畅所欲言”与第一段“sometimes we speak up to discuss the questions.”矛盾，是错误的；选项b和c均能在文中找到对应正确内容，故选a。
5. 短文围绕学校的规则展开，重点强调遵守规则能让我们和朋友开心相处、学好知识，核心是“遵守规则”，a选项范围过大，c选项偏离主题，故选b。
【答案】
1 c 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b
【知识点】
1. 细节信息查找
2. 语境词义猜测
3. 主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这篇短文围绕“规则”展开，考查学生对文本细节的提取、词义的语境理解以及主旨的归纳能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，通过定位关键语句逐一分析选项，注意排除与原文不符或偏离主题的选项。
【难度系数】
0.7
