六、翻译句子。
1. 那个男孩睡着多久了？
How long ?
2. 这所学校自二十世纪初以来就已经很出名了。
This school .
3. 你曾梦想过骑自行车环游世界吗？
Have you ever ?
4. 我们团队是由来自不同领域的优秀成员组成的。
Our team
from different areas.
5. 他们出版这本书可能有困难。
They may .

1. has the boy been asleep
2. has been famous since the early twentieth century/20th century
3. dreamed of/about travelling around the world by bike/bicycle
4. is made up of excellent members
5. have difficulty getting this book published

【分析】
1. 第1题询问“睡着”的持续时间，需用现在完成时，“睡着”是状态动词短语be asleep，现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词+has+主语+been+表语”，因此需填对应内容。
2. 第2题有“自二十世纪初以来”的时间标志，需用现在完成时，主语this school为单数，“出名”用be famous，“二十世纪初”译为对应英文，因此填符合结构的内容。
3. 第3题有“曾”的现在完成时标志，“梦想做某事”是固定短语dream of/about doing sth，“骑自行车环游世界”译为对应英文，因此填符合结构的内容。
4. 第4题考查被动语态，“由…组成”是固定搭配be made up of，主语our team为单数，be动词用is，“优秀成员”译为对应英文，因此填符合结构的内容。
5. 第5题考查固定搭配“做某事有困难”have difficulty (in) doing sth，“出版这本书”译为对应英文，因此填符合结构的内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：本句询问动作持续时长，需用现在完成时，“睡着”表示状态，用be asleep，现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为“has + 主语 + been + 表语”，故填has the boy been asleep。
2. 第2题：“since+过去时间点”是现在完成时的典型标志，主语this school为单数，“出名”对应be famous，现在完成时结构为has been famous，“二十世纪初”译为the early twentieth century/20th century，故填has been famous since the early twentieth century/20th century。
3. 第3题：“Have you ever...”是现在完成时的一般疑问句结构，“梦想做某事”为固定短语dream of/about doing sth，“骑自行车环游世界”译为travel around the world by bike/bicycle，故填dreamed of/about travelling around the world by bike/bicycle。
4. 第4题：“由…组成”的被动表达为be made up of，主语our team为单数，be动词用is，“优秀成员”译为excellent members，故填is made up of excellent members。
5. 第5题：“做某事有困难”的固定搭配为have difficulty (in) doing sth，“出版”对应get published，故填have difficulty getting this book published。
【答案】
1. has the boy been asleep
2. has been famous since the early twentieth century/20th century
3. dreamed of/about travelling around the world by bike/bicycle
4. is made up of excellent members
5. have difficulty getting this book published
【知识点】
现在完成时、固定短语搭配、被动语态
【点评】
本题围绕英语基础语法（现在完成时、被动语态）和常用固定表达展开，是初中英语核心考点，需学生熟练掌握时态结构与短语用法，整体难度适中，适合基础阶段学生巩固练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

七、阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
In China, table manners are very important. They show respect and are part of our culture.
First, we should let the oldest people sit down and start eating first. This is a way to show respect to the elderly. Also, we often use chopsticks, not forks or knives. It’s not polite to point at others with chopsticks or stick them upright in your rice bowl.
When we eat, we usually share dishes. We put the food in the middle of the table, and everyone can take some. But remember to use the serving spoons or the other end of your chopsticks. Don’t use your own chopsticks to get food from the shared plates.
Another important thing is to be quiet while eating. Making loud noises when eating or drinking is considered impolite.
Finally, if you are a guest, it’s nice to try a little of every dish. This shows you appreciate the food prepared by the host.
Good table manners make meals pleasant for everyone. They help us enjoy not just the food, but also the time with family and friends.
1. What should you let the oldest people do first?

2. What should you not do with your chopsticks?

3. Where is the food usually placed?

4. What should you use to get shared food?

5. What should a guest do to show appreciation?

1. Sit down and start eating.
2. Point at others with them.
3. In the middle of the table.
4. Serving spoons or clean chopsticks.
5. Try a little of every dish.

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，解题思路是先通读全文，明确每个问题的核心，再回到原文中定位对应信息，提取与问题匹配的准确内容，确保答案与原文及参考答案一致。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段第一句“First, we should let the oldest people sit down and start eating first.”，可知最年长的人应先坐下并开始吃饭；
2. 定位原文第二段最后一句“It’s not polite to point at others with chopsticks or stick them upright in your rice bowl.”，可知不能用筷子指向他人；
3. 定位原文第三段第二句“We put the food in the middle of the table”，可知食物通常放在桌子中间；
4. 定位原文第三段“But remember to use the serving spoons or the other end of your chopsticks.”，可知应用公用勺或干净的筷子端取共享食物；
5. 定位原文最后一段“Finally, if you are a guest, it’s nice to try a little of every dish. This shows you appreciate the food prepared by the host.”，可知客人应尝每道菜一点来表示对食物的欣赏。
【答案】
1. Sit down and start eating.
2. Point at others with them.
3. In the middle of the table.
4. Serving spoons or clean chopsticks.
5. Try a little of every dish.
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找、英语餐桌礼仪
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语短文细节信息的提取能力，属于基础阅读理解题，只要仔细阅读短文并准确定位关键句即可作答，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.2