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体裁: 说明文
主题: 天气与气候
难度: ★★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4
新素材·高温风险 A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century. The study was based on predicted climate(气候) activities in 854 different European cities. It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue(持续) to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon(碳) pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain, and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain is predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected(预计) to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research of the environmental effects on human health. "The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot," he said. "It's an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it." The study predicts Malta's temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The study has studied enough real climate activities.
B. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
C. About 854 European cities are experiencing hot weather.
D. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
2. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
＞＞ 段落大意题
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "moderate" in Paragraph 4?
A. Heated.
B. Freezing.
C. Changeable.
D. Comfortable.
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
＞＞ 文章主旨题
A. Barcelona will be hit by heat-related deaths.
B. Dangers will come at the end of the century.
C. Millions of Europeans face deadly heat risks.
D. Actions are needed to reduce carbon pollution.
体裁: 说明文
主题: 天气与气候
难度: ★★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4
新素材·高温风险 A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century. The study was based on predicted climate(气候) activities in 854 different European cities. It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue(持续) to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon(碳) pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain, and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain is predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected(预计) to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research of the environmental effects on human health. "The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot," he said. "It's an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it." The study predicts Malta's temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The study has studied enough real climate activities.
B. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
C. About 854 European cities are experiencing hot weather.
D. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
2. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
＞＞ 段落大意题
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "moderate" in Paragraph 4?
A. Heated.
B. Freezing.
C. Changeable.
D. Comfortable.
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
＞＞ 文章主旨题
A. Barcelona will be hit by heat-related deaths.
B. Dangers will come at the end of the century.
C. Millions of Europeans face deadly heat risks.
D. Actions are needed to reduce carbon pollution.
答案
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡。
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。故选B。
2. A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon pollution levels.”可知本段介绍了通过降低碳污染水平可以减少与高温有关的死亡人数。故选A。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain is predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.”可知斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分地区与寒冷有关的死亡人数预计将减少，主要是因为低温预计将变得温和舒适。故选D。
4. C 文章主旨题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡，并详细分析了不同地区的情况和应对措施。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡。
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。故选B。
2. A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon pollution levels.”可知本段介绍了通过降低碳污染水平可以减少与高温有关的死亡人数。故选A。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain is predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.”可知斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分地区与寒冷有关的死亡人数预计将减少，主要是因为低温预计将变得温和舒适。故选D。
4. C 文章主旨题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡，并详细分析了不同地区的情况和应对措施。故选C。
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含4道不同类型的题目，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，需定位原文中关于气温变化的表述，逐一比对选项与原文细节，排除错误选项；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需明确各段落核心内容，找到涉及“减少高温相关死亡方法”的段落；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合第4段的上下文语境，分析划线词“moderate”的含义；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容，概括文章主旨，排除片面或宽泛的选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。A选项“研究基于足够的真实气候活动”与原文“based on predicted climate activities”不符；C选项“854个欧洲城市正经历高温”错误，原文是研究基于这些城市的预测气候；D选项“整个欧洲都面临高温危险”错误，部分地区如斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国低温相关死亡会减少，故选B。
2. 第2题：第3段提到“如果各国找到更好的减少碳污染水平的方法，可减少预测的死亡人数”，还呼吁减少温室气体、开发制冷系统，这些都是减少高温相关死亡的方法，对应Paragraph 3，故选A。
3. 第3题：第4段提到斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国低温相关死亡会减少，原因是低温预计是“moderate”，结合语境，低温不再寒冷，应为舒适的状态，A“炎热的”、B“极寒的”、C“多变的”均不符合，故选D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡展开，A选项仅提及巴塞罗那，片面；B选项“本世纪末的危险”表述宽泛；D选项“减少碳污染的行动”仅为部分内容；C选项“数百万欧洲人面临致命高温风险”概括了全文主旨，故选C。
【答案】
B
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、推理判断、词义猜测
【点评】
本文是一篇关于天气与气候的说明文，围绕高温风险主题展开，题型涵盖推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意，考查学生的信息定位、逻辑推理及主旨概括能力，整体难度适中，适合中等以上水平学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.2
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含4道不同类型的题目，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是推理判断题，需定位原文中关于气温变化的表述，逐一比对选项与原文细节，排除错误选项；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需明确各段落核心内容，找到涉及“减少高温相关死亡方法”的段落；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合第4段的上下文语境，分析划线词“moderate”的含义；
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容，概括文章主旨，排除片面或宽泛的选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。A选项“研究基于足够的真实气候活动”与原文“based on predicted climate activities”不符；C选项“854个欧洲城市正经历高温”错误，原文是研究基于这些城市的预测气候；D选项“整个欧洲都面临高温危险”错误，部分地区如斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国低温相关死亡会减少，故选B。
2. 第2题：第3段提到“如果各国找到更好的减少碳污染水平的方法，可减少预测的死亡人数”，还呼吁减少温室气体、开发制冷系统，这些都是减少高温相关死亡的方法，对应Paragraph 3，故选A。
3. 第3题：第4段提到斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国低温相关死亡会减少，原因是低温预计是“moderate”，结合语境，低温不再寒冷，应为舒适的状态，A“炎热的”、B“极寒的”、C“多变的”均不符合，故选D。
4. 第4题：全文围绕研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡展开，A选项仅提及巴塞罗那，片面；B选项“本世纪末的危险”表述宽泛；D选项“减少碳污染的行动”仅为部分内容；C选项“数百万欧洲人面临致命高温风险”概括了全文主旨，故选C。
【答案】
B
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、推理判断、词义猜测
【点评】
本文是一篇关于天气与气候的说明文，围绕高温风险主题展开，题型涵盖推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意，考查学生的信息定位、逻辑推理及主旨概括能力，整体难度适中，适合中等以上水平学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.2
