二、阅读理解
For centuries, China has been known as "a state of ceremonies", which means *Liyi Zhibang*. There were many greeting customs in ancient China. And the fist - and - palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a great example. Today, Chinese people still use it during the Spring Festival, weddings, or birthday parties although handshakes are common in daily life.
The fist - and - palm salute dates back over 3,000 years to the Western Zhou Dynasty. In ancient times, people would prepare for possible fights when meeting strangers, and their hands were always ready for holding any weapon (武器). Holding hands together pointed towards themselves meant "I have no weapons and I'm not here to fight." Later, it became a polite way to greet or show thanks.
To do the salute properly, stand up straight. Men make a half fist with the right hand, hold it with the left hand in front of the chest, raise both hands to the eyebrows, bow slightly, and gently move the hands three times while offering greetings. Women perform it similarly but with the right hand on the top.
Another related gesture (姿势) is the hold - fist salute, called *baoquan li* in Chinese. It is widely used among the *kung fu* masters and students. For this, the right fist is tightly closed, covered by the open left hand, with arms slightly forward. Make sure the left thumb (大拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don't point it at yourself, as it shows arrogance (傲慢).
() 1. When may Chinese people use the fist - and - palm salute according to the passage?
① When at a friend's wedding.
② When in the Spring Festival.
③ When at a business meeting.
④ When at a relative's birthday party.
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
() 2. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Holding weapons.
B. Making a hold - fist salute.
C. Making a fist - and - palm salute.
D. Holding hands together pointed towards themselves.
() 3. How do women properly place their hands when doing the fist - and - palm salute?
A. Hands crossed.
B. Left hand on top.
C. Right hand on top.
D. Both hands in fists.
() 4. Which picture shows the hold - fist salute?
() 5. How is the passage mainly organized?
A. By listing problems and providing solutions.
B. By comparing traditional and modern gestures.
C. By introducing the topic and then explaining more details.
D. By focusing on the differences between man's and woman's gestures.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的拱手礼，包括其历史渊源、行礼方式以及相关的抱拳礼等内容，展现了中国“礼仪之邦”的文化特色。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, Chinese people still use it during the Spring Festival, weddings, or birthday parties although handshakes are common in daily life.”可知，中国人会在春节、婚礼或生日派对上使用拱手礼，①②④符合题意。故选 B。
2. D 代词指代题。根据第二段“Holding hands together pointed towards themselves meant ‘I have no weapons and I'm not here to fight.’ Later, it became a polite way to greet or show thanks.”可知，双手合在一起指向自己意味着“我没有武器，而且我不是来打架的”，后来，这变成了一种礼貌的打招呼或表达感谢的方式；据此可以推断，画线单词“it”指代“holding hands together pointed towards themselves”，即双手合在一起指向自己这个动作。故选 D。
3. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“Women perform it similarly but with the right hand on the top.”可知，女性行拱手礼时右手在上。故选 C。
4. D 图示理解题。根据第四段“the right fist is tightly closed, covered by the open left hand, with arms slightly forward”可知，抱拳礼的动作是右手握拳，左手掌心覆盖右拳，双臂微微前伸，选项 D 图符合题意。故选 D。
5. C 写作手法题。综合全文可知，本文开篇指出中国是“礼仪之邦”，引出拱手礼这一话题，然后分别介绍了拱手礼的历史、行礼方式以及相关的抱拳礼等细节内容；因此，本文是通过引入话题然后解释更多细节的方式来组织文章的。故选 C。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统拱手礼的说明文，解题时需根据不同题型采用对应的策略：
1. 细节理解题（第1、3题）：需快速定位原文中与题目相关的语句，提取关键信息进行匹配；
2. 代词指代题（第2题）：要回到画线词所在段落，往前查找最贴合的指代内容，明确该动作的演变；
3. 图示理解题（第4题）：需根据原文对抱拳礼动作的描述，逐一匹配选项图示；
4. 写作手法题（第5题）：要梳理文章整体逻辑，开篇引出“礼仪之邦”及拱手礼话题，后续分别介绍其历史、行礼方式、相关礼仪，判断文章组织结构。
【解析】
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统礼仪——拱手礼，包括其起源、演变、标准行礼方式，以及相关的抱拳礼，展现了中国“礼仪之邦”的文化内涵。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, Chinese people still use it during the Spring Festival, weddings, or birthday parties although handshakes are common in daily life.”可知，拱手礼适用于春节、婚礼、生日派对场景，①②④符合要求，故选B。
2. 代词指代题。根据第二段“Holding hands together pointed towards themselves meant ‘I have no weapons and I'm not here to fight.’ Later, it became a polite way to greet or show thanks.”可知，it指代前文“Holding hands together pointed towards themselves”这一动作，故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Women perform it similarly but with the right hand on the top.”可知，女性行拱手礼时右手在上，故选C。
4. 图示理解题。根据第四段“the right fist is tightly closed, covered by the open left hand, with arms slightly forward”的描述，右手握拳、左手掌心覆盖右拳且双臂微前伸的图示符合抱拳礼，对应选项D，故选D。
5. 写作手法题。文章开篇以中国“礼仪之邦”引出拱手礼话题，随后依次介绍其历史渊源、行礼规范、相关礼仪，整体结构为“引入话题+细节展开”，故选C。
【答案】
1. B；2. D；3. C；4. D；5. C
【知识点】
细节理解题解法、代词指代题解法、说明文结构分析
【点评】
本文围绕中国传统拱手礼展开，题目涵盖多种阅读理解常考题型，既考查学生定位原文、提取信息的基础阅读能力，也涉及对文章结构、指代关系的深层理解，同时能帮助学生了解中国传统礼仪文化，提升文化认知与阅读素养。
【难度系数】
0.6