一、用since和for完成句子
1. Jack’s brothers have kept these stamps two weeks ago.
2. We are tired out now because we have been riding the bike such a long time.
3. He has owned a train set his fourth birthday.
4. Alexander was 5 years old, he has lived in China with his parents.
5. My grandfather’s good habit of getting up early has remained almost fifty years.

1. since 2. for 3. since 4. Since 5. for

【分析】
本题考查现在完成时中since与for的用法区别，解题思路为：牢记规则——since后接过去的时间点/过去的时间状语从句，for后接时间段；再逐个分析句子的时间状语类型，匹配对应词汇即可。
【解析】
1. 句中two weeks ago是过去的时间点，需用since；
2. 句中such a long time是时间段，需用for；
3. 句中his fourth birthday是过去的时间点，需用since；
4. 句中Alexander was 5 years old是过去的时间状语从句（时间点），且位于句首首字母大写，故用Since；
5. 句中almost fifty years是时间段，需用for。
【答案】
1. since 2. for 3. since 4. Since 5. for
【知识点】
现在完成时，since与for的用法
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法题，聚焦现在完成时中since和for的核心用法差异，难度较低，只要掌握两者接时间点和时间段的规则即可正确作答，是初中英语时态模块的常考基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、按要求完成下列句子
6. They studied English last week.（用 since two weeks ago 代替 last week 改写句子）
They English since two weeks ago.
7. (易错题) My brother bought a new phone last month.（改为现在完成时）
My brother a new phone for a month.
8. We got to know each other 3 years ago.（改为同义句）
We since 3 years ago.
9. He borrowed a car 2 days ago.（改为同义句）
He a car for 2 days.
10. They have lived in Beijing for five years.（对画线部分提问）

6. have studied 7. has had 8. have known each other
9. has kept 10. How long have they lived in Beijing?

【分析】
这组题考查现在完成时的用法，解题思路如下：
1. 第6题：原句时间状语是一般过去时标志last week，替换为现在完成时标志since two weeks ago，需将时态改为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语they用have，study的过去分词是studied，故填对应内容。
2. 第7题：要求改为现在完成时，主语my brother是第三人称单数，用has；原动词buy是短暂性动词，与时间段for a month连用时需换为延续性动词have，过去分词为had，故填对应内容。
3. 第8题：要求改为同义句，转换为现在完成时，since 3 years ago是现在完成时标志，主语we用have，know的过去分词是known，故填对应内容。
4. 第9题：要求改为同义句，原动词borrow是短暂性动词，与时间段for 2 days连用时需换为延续性动词keep，主语he是第三人称单数，用has，keep的过去分词是kept，故填对应内容。
5. 第10题：对画线部分时间段for five years提问，用特殊疑问词How long，现在完成时的疑问句需将助动词have提前，构成对应问句。
【解析】
6. 时间状语替换为since two weeks ago，需用现在完成时，主语they对应have，study的过去分词为studied，故填have studied。
7. 改为现在完成时，主语my brother是第三人称单数，用has；短暂性动词buy需换为延续性动词have，过去分词为had，故填has had。
8. 转换为现在完成时，主语we对应have，know的过去分词为known，故填have known each other。
9. 短暂性动词borrow换为延续性动词keep，主语he对应has，keep的过去分词为kept，故填has kept。
10. 对时间段for five years提问用How long，将现在完成时的助动词have提前，构成疑问句，故为How long have they lived in Beijing?
【答案】
6. have studied 7. has had 8. have known each other 9. has kept 10. How long have they lived in Beijing?
【知识点】
现在完成时、短暂性动词与延续性动词转换、特殊疑问句
【点评】
本题组围绕现在完成时核心考点设置，涵盖时态转换、短暂性动词替换、特殊疑问句构成，是初中英语时态模块的基础练习题，需重点掌握现在完成时的结构及时间状语的对应用法。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、 ★★★真实情境题 日常生活＞阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
Dear Sue,
There is a problem between my good friend and me. We 11. (be) friends for five years. But ever 12. last Friday, she hasn’t invited me to go with her. I considered all the things that made her have 13. headache about staying with me, but I 14. (not find) out the reason yet. We never fought or even quarrelled with each other. I tried to communicate with her, but she 15. (refuse) to answer. My heart is broken and I’m 16. (expect) you to help me.
—Lost Girl
Dear Lost Girl,
Many people have had this experience. Sometimes it’s pretty hard to tell what’s wrong in a friendship. Try writing to your friend 17. you can ask another friend for help. If possible, buy her a bunch of flowers to comfort her. If none 18. these things works, just leave your friend alone. She may need some time to cool down and think about the situation herself.
Both of you can move on and find new friends. But even if you’re not friends anymore, you should still be friendly. Say hi to her when you 19. (pass) her at school but don’t see her as a 20. (strange). Maybe one day she will realise what a good friend you are.

【主旨大意】一位女孩与好友之间出现矛盾，她写信求助，对方给出了一些建议。
11. have been【点拨】根据 for five years 可知用现在完成时。
12. since【点拨】句子的时态为现在完成时，此处表示“自上周五起”，故填 since。
13. a【点拨】have a headache 意为“头疼”，为固定搭配。
14. haven't found【点拨】根据 yet 可知用现在完成时。
15. refused【点拨】结合 tried 可知此处为一般过去时，故填 refused。
16. expecting【点拨】句意：我的心都碎了，我希望你能帮助我。此处应用现在分词和 be 动词构成现在进行时。
17. or【点拨】句意：试着写信给你的朋友，或者你可以向另一个朋友寻求帮助。根据句意，故填 or。
18. of【点拨】none 表示“没有一个”时，后接复数名词，必须加 of，表范围限定，故填 of。
19. pass【点拨】结合语境可知 when 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语是 you，谓语动词用原形。故填 pass。
20. stranger【点拨】不定冠词 a 后加可数名词单数。故填 stranger。

【分析】本题为真实情境类英语短文填空，需结合语境、时态规则、固定搭配、词性转换等知识解题。每个空需先分析句子时态（如现在完成时、一般过去时等），再判断是否为固定短语或搭配，最后根据语境和语法规则确定正确形式。
【解析】11. 根据时间状语for five years，句子需用现在完成时，主语为we，故填have been；12. 此处表示“自上周五起”，ever since是现在完成时的时间标志，故填since；13. have a headache是固定短语，意为“头疼”，故填a；14. yet是现在完成时否定句的标志，主语为I，故填haven't found；15. 结合前文tried（一般过去时），此处并列动作也用一般过去时，故填refused；16. 此处与be动词are构成现在进行时，需用expect的现在分词，故填expecting；17. 前后句为选择关系，意为“试着写信或找朋友帮忙”，故填or；18. none of是固定搭配，表范围限定，故填of；19. when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用原形，故填pass；20. 不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，strange的名词形式为stranger，故填stranger。
【答案】11. have been；12. since；13. a；14. haven't found；15. refused；16. expecting；17. or；18. of；19. pass；20. stranger
【知识点】现在完成时、固定搭配、一般过去时
【点评】本题以朋友间的矛盾为真实情境，考查基础语法与固定用法，贴近生活，难度适中，能帮助学生运用英语解决日常问题。
【难度系数】0.7