一、汉译英(一空一词)
1. 昨天下午当我们在山区徒步时,突然遇到了一只熊。
We suddenly met a bear while we in the mountains yesterday afternoon.
2. 暴风雨来临时,整个教室变得越来越暗。
When the storm came, the whole classroom .
3. 去年,我们的城市经历了一场自然灾害。
Our city last year.
4. 下课铃一响,学生们就离开了教室。
The students left the classroom the bell rang.
5. 地震发生时,我们已经离开了这座大楼。
We had left the building the earthquake.

1.were hiking 2.grew darker and darker
3.experienced a natural disaster
4.as soon as 5.by the time of

【分析】
做这类一空一词的汉译英题目时，首先要通读完整句子，结合中文句意和已给出的英文部分，先通过时间标志词判断句子的时态，再结合空格的数量限制，匹配对应的英文表达，同时注意动词的形式变化、固定搭配的拼写准确性。比如第一题看到while和yesterday afternoon，就能判断从句要用过去进行时；其余题目也可以根据空数提示，筛选对应数量单词的固定短语，匹配中文含义即可得出答案。
【解析】
1. 本题中while引导时间状语从句，强调过去某个时间段正在发生的动作，主句为一般过去时，从句需使用过去进行时结构"was/were + 现在分词"；主语为we，对应的be动词用were，“徒步”的英文是hike，现在分词形式为hiking，因此填were hiking。
2. 句子时态为一般过去时，“变得越来越暗”符合“比较级+and+比较级”的固定结构表示“越来越……”，“变得”用grow的过去式grew，“暗”的比较级为darker，组合后为grew darker and darker。
3. 时间状语last year提示句子用一般过去时，“经历”的英文experience的过去式为experienced，“一场自然灾害”对应a natural disaster，四个空完全匹配，因此填experienced a natural disaster。
4. 表示“一……就……”含义的三空固定短语为as soon as，可引导时间状语从句，完全符合句意和空数要求。
5. 表示“到……的时候”含义的四空短语by the time of，后面可直接接名词性成分the earthquake，符合句意和空数限制，因此填by the time of。
【答案】
1. were hiking 2. grew darker and darker 3. experienced a natural disaster 4. as soon as 5. by the time of
【知识点】
过去进行时，比较级用法，时间状语搭配
【点评】
本题侧重考查初中阶段核心的时态规则和常用固定短语，需要学生同时兼顾句意、时态、空数三个维度的要求，易错点是部分学生容易忽略动词的过去式/过去分词变形，或是记错不同固定搭配的单词数量，日常学习中要注意按语义分类积累不同长度的固定短语。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、阅读理解
Every thirty seconds(秒), there is an earthquake in the world. Some of these earthquakes are so weak that people can't feel them. But some of them are very serious and many people get hurt or die in them. Do you know what causes earthquakes?
The earth's surface has many pieces. These pieces are always moving. When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake. Scientists are trying to predict big earthquakes, but it's very hard. Do you know how to protect yourself during an earthquake? Here are some ways. You should remember to practise them regularly (定期地).
If you are inside
Quickly move under a strong desk or along a wall, covering your head with your arms or something else. This will protect you from falling things. Don't run out of the door.
Keep away from windows as the glass may break.
Turn off lights and gas to prevent fires.
Don't get into a lift. If you are in a lift, get out as quickly as possible when it stops.
If you are outside
Don't stay near tall buildings and trees. Things may fall on you.
Be careful of fallen power lines.
Lie on the ground in clear areas until the shaking stops, protecting your head with your arms.
()1. How often does an earthquake happen in the world?
A. Every half a minute. B. Every minute.
C. Every three minutes. D. Every thirty minutes.
()2. Why does an earthquake happen?
A. Because the earth's surface is too thin.
B. Because the pieces of the earth's surface are moving too fast.
C. Because two pieces of the earth's surface move past each other.
D. Because there are too many pieces on the earth's surface.
()3. Where should you stay during an earthquake?
A. In the lift. B. By the window.
C. Under the strong desk. D. Behind a tall tree.
()4. What should you do if you are outside?
A. Run into the house quickly. B. Get back inside a building.
C. Climb up a tall tree. D. Find a clear place and lie down.
()5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. How to predict an earthquake.
B. What to do during an earthquake.
C. Where to go before an earthquake.
D. How to save people after an earthquake.

1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B

【分析】
这是一篇介绍地震相关知识的科普类阅读理解，解题时可以先通读全文了解大致内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词回到原文精准定位对应的语句，通过比对选项和原文内容选出正确答案：细节题直接找原文对应表述排除错误选项，主旨题需要结合全文的核心占比内容判断，不要把文中一笔带过的次要信息当成全文主旨。
【解析】
1. 原文第一句明确提到"Every thirty seconds, there is an earthquake in the world"，三十秒等同于半分钟，对应A选项；B（每分钟）、C（每三分钟）、D（每三十分钟）均和原文表述不符，故选A。
2. 原文第二段直接说明地震的成因"When two pieces move past each other, there is an earthquake"，和C选项表述完全一致；A（地表太薄）、B（地表板块移动太快）、D（地表板块数量太多）均不是原文给出的地震成因，故选C。
3. 原文室内避险部分第一句提到"Quickly move under a strong desk or along a wall, covering your head with your arms or something else"，说明地震时可以躲在结实的桌子下方，C选项正确；原文明确禁止躲进电梯、靠近窗户，室外也不能待在高树旁，A、B、D均错误，故选C。
4. 原文室外避险部分最后一句提到"Lie on the ground in clear areas until the shaking stops, protecting your head with your arms"，说明在室外时要找到空旷区域躺下，D选项正确；A（快速跑进屋内）、B（返回建筑内）、C（爬上高树）都是错误的危险做法，故选D。
5. 全文用大部分篇幅介绍了地震发生时室内、室外的自我保护避险方法，核心主题是地震期间的正确做法，对应B选项；A（预测地震）仅在文中一笔带过，不是主要内容，C（地震前去往哪里）、D（震后如何救人）均未在文中提及，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意归纳，地震安全常识
【点评】
本题属于难度较低的科普类阅读题，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接定位原文语句得到答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生区分局部次要信息和全文核心内容，同时题目内容还能帮助学生掌握实用的地震避险知识，兼具考察性和科普性。
【难度系数】
0.8