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四、阅读理解。〔人与自我——困境坚守与生存勇气〕
When I left college, I continued my studies and became a surgeon. But I always wanted to travel, so I made several voyages as a ship's doctor. I married my wife Mary, set up a practice and stayed at home for a while. However, my good Master Bates died. I had few friends, and my business began to fail. I discovered I was not earning enough money from my patients... I therefore determined to go to sea again.
This time I joined a ship sailing to the islands in the South Pacific Ocean. We started our journey from Bristol on May 4th, 1699.
Our voyage was prosperous until we passed the Straits of Madagascar. A violent storm drove us far off course to the north-west of Van Diemen's Land. The ship was driven against a rock and dashed to pieces. Some of the sailors and I managed to get a boat into the water, and we rowed away to look for land. But when we were too tired to row any more, a great wave hit our small boat. We all fell into the sea. I did not know what happened to my companions, but I supposed they were all drowned.
The wind and waves pushed me along as I struggled to keep my head above water. I became very tired and soon felt I could not swim any more. Luckily, just then my feet touched the ground.
I walked out of the sea and on to a beach, where there was no sign of any people or houses. I was so exhausted that I lay down and went to sleep.
1. (创新考法·组合式选择)Why did he determine to go to sea again?
① His good Master Bates died. ② He had few friends. ③ He wasn't happy with his wife.
④ His family died in those years. ⑤ He didn't earn enough money from his business.
A. ①②③
B. ②③④
C. ①②⑤
D. ②③⑤
2. What does the underlined word "prosperous" mean?
A. Dangerous.
B. Successful.
C. Difficult.
D. Famous.
3. What can we know about Gulliver according to the passage?
A. He was adventurous and persistent.
B. He was shy and quiet.
C. He was selfish and cruel.
D. He was lazy and careless.
4. What lesson might be learned from this part of the story?
A. Sailing is always dangerous.
B. Storms always destroy ships.
C. Doctors should not go on voyages.
D. Never give up hope in difficult situations.
When I left college, I continued my studies and became a surgeon. But I always wanted to travel, so I made several voyages as a ship's doctor. I married my wife Mary, set up a practice and stayed at home for a while. However, my good Master Bates died. I had few friends, and my business began to fail. I discovered I was not earning enough money from my patients... I therefore determined to go to sea again.
This time I joined a ship sailing to the islands in the South Pacific Ocean. We started our journey from Bristol on May 4th, 1699.
Our voyage was prosperous until we passed the Straits of Madagascar. A violent storm drove us far off course to the north-west of Van Diemen's Land. The ship was driven against a rock and dashed to pieces. Some of the sailors and I managed to get a boat into the water, and we rowed away to look for land. But when we were too tired to row any more, a great wave hit our small boat. We all fell into the sea. I did not know what happened to my companions, but I supposed they were all drowned.
The wind and waves pushed me along as I struggled to keep my head above water. I became very tired and soon felt I could not swim any more. Luckily, just then my feet touched the ground.
I walked out of the sea and on to a beach, where there was no sign of any people or houses. I was so exhausted that I lay down and went to sleep.
1. (创新考法·组合式选择)Why did he determine to go to sea again?
① His good Master Bates died. ② He had few friends. ③ He wasn't happy with his wife.
④ His family died in those years. ⑤ He didn't earn enough money from his business.
A. ①②③
B. ②③④
C. ①②⑤
D. ②③⑤
2. What does the underlined word "prosperous" mean?
A. Dangerous.
B. Successful.
C. Difficult.
D. Famous.
3. What can we know about Gulliver according to the passage?
A. He was adventurous and persistent.
B. He was shy and quiet.
C. He was selfish and cruel.
D. He was lazy and careless.
4. What lesson might be learned from this part of the story?
A. Sailing is always dangerous.
B. Storms always destroy ships.
C. Doctors should not go on voyages.
D. Never give up hope in difficult situations.
答案
1~4. CBAD
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照先划题干关键词、再回原文定位验证的思路解题：
1. 第一题是组合式细节选择题，首先定位题干关键词"determine to go to sea again"回到原文第一段，逐一核对5个表述，排除原文没有提到的错误表述，就能选出正确组合；
2. 第二题词义猜测题，抓住句中转折标志词"until"，明确划线词描述的是风暴发生之前的航行状态，结合后文风暴带来的灾难反向推导词义；
3. 第三题人物推断题，从主人公多次主动出海、海难后坚持求生的行为，提炼对应的性格特征，排除完全没有依据的干扰选项；
4. 第四题主旨感悟题，先排除表述绝对、逻辑错误的无关选项，匹配故事传递的核心正向道理即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：定位原文第一段内容"However, my good Master Bates died. I had few friends, and my business began to fail. I discovered I was not earning enough money from my patients... I therefore determined to go to sea again"，可知①②⑤都是原文明确提到的再次出海的原因，文中完全没有提及他对妻子不满、家人离世的相关内容，③④表述错误，因此选C。
2. 词义猜测：划线词所在句说明航行一直保持prosperous的状态，直到经过马达加斯加海峡之后才遭遇猛烈风暴、船触礁失事，可见风暴发生前航行是进展顺利的，对应B选项"Successful（顺利的、成功的）"，A危险的、C困难的、D著名的均不符合语境。
3. 人物推断：从文中主人公原本已经在家开设诊所，仍主动多次出海航行，遭遇海难后在海中拼命挣扎、坚持游到岸边的行为，可以看出他热爱冒险、面对困境意志坚韧，对应A选项"adventurous and persistent（爱冒险且意志坚定）"，其余选项的性格特征在文中完全没有体现。
4. 主旨推理：逐一排除错误选项：A选项"航海总是危险的"、B选项"风暴总会摧毁船只"表述都过于绝对，不符合逻辑；C选项"医生不应该出海航行"是完全无关的错误表述；整个片段讲述主人公遭遇海难后始终坚持求生、最终成功上岸的故事，传递的核心道理是身处困境永远不要放弃希望，因此选D。
【答案】
1~4. CBAD
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨推理
【点评】
本题选自经典名著《格列佛游记》的节选，贴合"困境坚守与生存勇气"的主题，覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的高频考点，其中组合式选择的创新考法能有效锻炼学生精准核对原文信息、排除干扰项的能力，同时引导学生从故事中体会直面困境、不放弃希望的正向精神。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解时，我们可以按照先划题干关键词、再回原文定位验证的思路解题：
1. 第一题是组合式细节选择题，首先定位题干关键词"determine to go to sea again"回到原文第一段，逐一核对5个表述，排除原文没有提到的错误表述，就能选出正确组合；
2. 第二题词义猜测题，抓住句中转折标志词"until"，明确划线词描述的是风暴发生之前的航行状态，结合后文风暴带来的灾难反向推导词义；
3. 第三题人物推断题，从主人公多次主动出海、海难后坚持求生的行为，提炼对应的性格特征，排除完全没有依据的干扰选项；
4. 第四题主旨感悟题，先排除表述绝对、逻辑错误的无关选项，匹配故事传递的核心正向道理即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：定位原文第一段内容"However, my good Master Bates died. I had few friends, and my business began to fail. I discovered I was not earning enough money from my patients... I therefore determined to go to sea again"，可知①②⑤都是原文明确提到的再次出海的原因，文中完全没有提及他对妻子不满、家人离世的相关内容，③④表述错误，因此选C。
2. 词义猜测：划线词所在句说明航行一直保持prosperous的状态，直到经过马达加斯加海峡之后才遭遇猛烈风暴、船触礁失事，可见风暴发生前航行是进展顺利的，对应B选项"Successful（顺利的、成功的）"，A危险的、C困难的、D著名的均不符合语境。
3. 人物推断：从文中主人公原本已经在家开设诊所，仍主动多次出海航行，遭遇海难后在海中拼命挣扎、坚持游到岸边的行为，可以看出他热爱冒险、面对困境意志坚韧，对应A选项"adventurous and persistent（爱冒险且意志坚定）"，其余选项的性格特征在文中完全没有体现。
4. 主旨推理：逐一排除错误选项：A选项"航海总是危险的"、B选项"风暴总会摧毁船只"表述都过于绝对，不符合逻辑；C选项"医生不应该出海航行"是完全无关的错误表述；整个片段讲述主人公遭遇海难后始终坚持求生、最终成功上岸的故事，传递的核心道理是身处困境永远不要放弃希望，因此选D。
【答案】
1~4. CBAD
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，主旨推理
【点评】
本题选自经典名著《格列佛游记》的节选，贴合"困境坚守与生存勇气"的主题，覆盖了初中英语阅读理解的高频考点，其中组合式选择的创新考法能有效锻炼学生精准核对原文信息、排除干扰项的能力，同时引导学生从故事中体会直面困境、不放弃希望的正向精神。
【难度系数】
0.7
