三、能力拓展训练
Ⅲ.完形填空
Hukou Waterfall: Water Falls from the Sky
Hukou Waterfall is the largest yellow waterfall in the world. It is also the second waterfall in China next to Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou Province.
From its headwater in Qinghai Province, the Yellow River 1 all the way to the east and finally to the sea. It carries Chinese history and civilization of more than 5,000 years, so the Yellow River is 2 as China's "Mother River".
As it flows to Hukou Village, the river sharply narrows(变窄) from 500 metres 3 to only about 30 metres. The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep 4 as if thousands of wild horses run forward wildly. As a result, a wonderful waterfall 5. It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so the waterfall has the name Hukou—meaning the 6 of a teapot in Chinese.
The falling water brings huge smoke and clouds, with colour 7 from yellow to gray, gray to blue. People 8 this heart-shaking sight "smoke from the river". There is also a stone under the waterfall. It moves up and down 9 the falling water. It is not seen all the time 10 the water is always changing, so it is named guishi, meaning the "mysterious stone".
Over history, lots of poets and painters once travelled here. They admired the 11 view, and left numerous works about the great waterfall. 12 them, Li Bai's Invitation to Wine(《将进酒》) may be the best-known. It says, "Don't you see the Yellow River come from the sky, 13 the sea, and never come back?"
There are many 14 at Hukou Waterfall, 15 smoke from the river, boats on land and rainbows in the sunshine. April and October are the best time to visit Hukou Waterfall. Why? Because the water is full!
()1. A. circles B. runs C. drives
()2. A. described B. increased C. developed
()3. A. long B. high C. wide
()4. A. pool B. square C. level
()5. A. drops B. goes C. appears
()6. A. mouth B. shape C. bottom
()7. A. facing B. turning C. dividing
()8. A. think B. seem C. call
()9. A. from B. for C. with
()10. A. as B. or C. but
()11. A. lovely B. impossible C. wonderful
()12. A. Between B. Opposite C. Among
()13. A. moving on B. rushing into C. waving to
()14. A. wonders B. research C. surface
()15. A. thanks to B. according to C. such as

Ⅲ.1.B 解析:此处描述黄河的流向,runs符合河流自然流动的语境,体现黄河从青海源头向东奔涌的状态。故选B。
2.A 解析:此处指黄河因承载5000多年中华文明而被人们称作“母亲河”。be described as是固定搭配,意为“被描述为”,符合语义逻辑。故选A。
3.C 解析:前文提到the river sharply narrows,narrows对应宽度变化,因此此处应描述河道“宽度”的具体数值——从500米宽缩减到约30米宽。故选C。
4.A 解析:水流从高处落下后,会汇入下方的“深水池”,pool(水池,水潭)符合瀑布下方积水区域的场景。故选A。
5.C 解析:前文描述河道变窄、水流跌落的过程,这一过程的结果是“形成(出现)”了壮观的瀑布,appears(出现,形成)符合“因水流变化产生瀑布”的逻辑。故选C。
6.A 解析:前文提到It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot,瀑布因此被命名为Hukou,kou在中文里有“口、出口”之意,the mouth of a teapot(茶壶口)准确对应“水流从茶壶口流出”的比喻。故选A。
7.B 解析:此处描述水雾颜色的变化——从黄色变为灰色,再变为蓝色。turning from...to...是固定表达,意为“从……变成……”,符合颜色渐变的语境。故选B。
8.C 解析:后文smoke from the river是人们对“水雾弥漫”这一景象的命名,“call sth+名称”表示“把某物称作……”,符合“人们将震撼景象命名为‘河烟’的逻辑。故选C。
9.C 解析:此处表示“石头随着下落的水流上下浮动”,with表伴随,体现“水流”与“石头浮动”的伴随关系,故选C。
10.A 解析:空后the water is always changing是“看不到石头”的原因,as(因为,由于)用于引导原因状语从句,符合逻辑。故选A。
11.C 解析:前文多次强调瀑布的“壮观”,如wonderful waterfall,heart-shaking sight,此处指诗人、画家欣赏瀑布的“壮观景色”,wonderful(美妙的,壮观的)与全文对瀑布的赞美基调一致。故选C。
12.C 解析:前文提到numerous works,此处应表示“在众多作品中”。Among(“在……之中”,用于三者及以上)符合“多个中的一个”的语境。故选C。
13.B 解析:诗句描述黄河“奔流到海不复回”,rushing into(冲进,涌入)体现黄河水流湍急、快速汇入大海的动态,符合诗句意境。故选B。
14.A 解析:后文列举smoke from the river,boats on land and rainbows in the sunshine,这些都是壶口瀑布的“奇观”,wonders(奇观,奇景)符合“列举独特景观”的语境。故选A。
15.C 解析:前文提到many wonders,后文smoke from the river...rainbows in the sunshine是对“奇观”的具体举例,such as用于引出例子,符合逻辑。故选C。

【分析】
做完形填空需遵循“先通览，后逐题，再验证”的思路：首先通读全文把握主旨（本文介绍壶口瀑布的地理特征、得名由来、特色景观及相关文化）；逐题分析时，结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑关系筛选答案；最后通读验证答案是否契合文意。例如第1题描述黄河流向，需选符合河流流动的动词；第2题考固定搭配，需结合“被称为”的语义匹配搭配。
【解析】
1. 选B：此处描述黄河的流向，runs符合河流自然流动的语境，体现黄河从青海源头向东奔涌的状态。
2. 选A：此处指黄河因承载5000多年中华文明而被人们称作“母亲河”，be described as是固定搭配，意为“被描述为”，符合语义逻辑。
3. 选C：前文提到“the river sharply narrows”，narrow对应宽度变化，因此此处描述河道从500米宽缩减至约30米，选wide相关的选项。
4. 选A：水流从高处落下后汇入下方的深水池，pool符合瀑布下方积水区域的场景。
5. 选C：前文描述河道变窄、水流跌落的过程，结果是形成壮观的瀑布，appears符合“因水流变化产生瀑布”的逻辑。
6. 选A：前文提到瀑布得名源于“水流从茶壶口流出”的比喻，Hukou对应中文“壶口”，即茶壶的mouth（口）。
7. 选B：此处描述水雾颜色从黄色变为灰色再变为蓝色，turning from...to...是固定表达，符合颜色渐变的语境。
8. 选C：后文“smoke from the river”是人们对该景象的命名，“call sth+名称”表示“把某物称作……”，符合逻辑。
9. 选C：此处表示石头随下落的水流上下浮动，with表伴随关系，体现水流与石头浮动的关联。
10. 选A：空后“水总是变化”是“看不到石头”的原因，as用于引导原因状语从句，符合逻辑。
11. 选C：前文多次强调瀑布的壮观，此处指诗人、画家欣赏瀑布的壮观景色，wonderful与全文赞美基调一致。
12. 选C：前文提到“numerous works”，此处指“在众多作品中”，Among用于三者及以上的范围，符合语境。
13. 选B：诗句描述黄河“奔流到海不复回”，rushing into体现黄河水流湍急汇入大海的动态，符合诗句意境。
14. 选A：后文列举的“河烟、陆地船只、阳光彩虹”都是壶口瀑布的奇观，wonders符合语境。
15. 选C：前文提到“many wonders”，后文是对奇观的具体举例，such as用于引出例子，符合逻辑。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、动词词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文是介绍壶口瀑布的说明文类完形填空，题材贴近自然景观，考查学生对英语词汇、固定搭配及上下文逻辑的掌握，难度适中，适合初中阶段能力拓展训练，能有效巩固词汇运用与语境分析能力。
【难度系数】
0.6