A) 阅读下列短文,根据上下文和首字母提示在横线上填写一个合适的单词。
Do you often cut your fingernails(指甲)? You should often cut them, b it
is good for you. A study(研究) found that people with long fingernails are more likely
to catch a cold. If you have long fingernails, there will be more bacteria(细菌)
u them. It makes you i more easily. You may say, "I often wash my
h. They are c. " But you can't wash away all the bacteria, so you'd
better cut your fingernails often.

because; under; ill; hands; clean

【分析】
首先通读整篇短文，明确文章核心是介绍勤剪指甲对健康的益处，之后结合每空前后的语义逻辑、给出的首字母提示，联系生活常识和已学基础词汇逐一推导：
1. 第一空前半句含义是“你应该经常剪指甲”，后半句是“这对你有好处”，前后是因果逻辑，前面是结果后面是原因，结合首字母b就能想到对应的连词。
2. 第二空句意为“如果你留长指甲，______指甲会有更多细菌”，结合生活常识，细菌容易藏在指甲下方，首字母u对应方位介词。
3. 第三空句意为“这会让你更容易______”，前文提到有很多细菌，细菌会致病，结合首字母i就能想到表示生病的形容词。
4. 第四空句意为“我经常洗我的______”，全文围绕指甲、手部卫生展开，结合常识人会洗手，首字母h，注意人有两只手要使用复数形式。
5. 第五空句意为“它们是______的”，洗完手的状态是干净的，结合首字母c对应合适的形容词。
【解析】
1. 第一空：前后句为因果关系，前半句提出建议，后半句解释原因，首字母为b，填because，意为“因为”。
2. 第二空：结合常识，长指甲的下方容易藏匿细菌，首字母为u，填方位介词under，意为“在……下面”。
3. 第三空：大量细菌会提升患病概率，固定搭配make sb. ill表示“让某人生病”，首字母为i，填ill。
4. 第四空：本段讨论手部卫生，日常会清洗双手，人有两只手，用复数形式，首字母为h，填hands。
5. 第五空：洗完手之后双手的状态是干净的，首字母为c，填形容词clean，意为“干净的”。
【答案】
because; under; ill; hands; clean
【知识点】
首字母填空，语境逻辑推理，基础词汇运用
【点评】
本题属于基础类首字母填空题，话题贴近日常生活健康常识，所有考查词汇都是初中低年级核心常用词，重点考察学生结合上下文语义逻辑推导词汇的能力，没有设置偏难的陷阱，只要读懂全文大意就可以顺利完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.8

B) 阅读短文,根据短文内容选择正确的答案。
Mr Brown has dinner with his friends outside every day. Now he's very fat. He of-
ten feels tired. He is worried about it, so he goes to see a doctor.
"Stop eating much fat(脂肪). " says the doctor.
But Mr Brown doesn't listen to the doctor. A few months later, he finds something
wrong with his heart(心脏). Now he knows the doctor is right.
"If you don't want to die(死), you must lose weight, sir. " says the doctor.
"Oh, no, Doctor! Please help me. Please tell me how to lose weight. "
"Sure. You must do one exercise first. "
"Which exercise? "
"To move your head from side to side when someone invites(邀请)you to dinner
outside!"
()1. Why is Mr Brown so fat?
A. Because he eats too much fat. B. Because he only does one exercise.
C. Because he has dinner with his family at home every day.
()2. What does "Lose weight " mean in Chinese?
A.减肥 B.放松心情 C. 适度运动
()3. What does "To move your head from side to side..." mean?
A. Mr Brown should do some exercise before he has dinner outside.
B. Mr Brown should say "No" to someone who invites him to dinner outside.
C. Mr Brown should say "Yes" to someone who invites him to dinner outside.
()4. Which of the following in NOT TRUE?
A. Mr Brown is too fat, he must not go to dinner outside every day.
B. A few months later, there is something wrong with Mr Brown's heart.
C. Mr Brown sees the doctor and listens to his advice(建议) at once(马上).

1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文梳理故事脉络：布朗先生每天和朋友在外就餐，摄入过多脂肪导致肥胖、身体不适，起初不听医生劝告，几个月后心脏出现问题，医生最终给出了拒绝外出聚餐的减重建议。之后我们可以逐个对照题干，回到原文定位对应的语句，逐一比对选项，排除不符合原文内容的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第一题：原文开篇提到布朗先生天天在外和朋友吃晚餐，医生首次就诊就叮嘱他不要摄入过多脂肪，说明他发胖的原因是吃了太多脂肪。选项B不符合原文内容，他此前根本没有做医生说的这项运动；选项C错误，他是和朋友在外就餐，并非每天在家和家人吃饭，因此选A。
2. 第二题：结合上下文，布朗先生过度肥胖已经影响到心脏健康，医生说如果不想死就必须做这件事，结合常识可知胖人需要减重，"lose weight"的中文含义是减肥，选A。
3. 第三题：医生说的“把头从一侧移到另一侧”是别人邀请他外出吃饭时做的动作，这个动作就是摇头，含义是拒绝邀请。选项A和原文描述不符，选项C说要答应邀请和动作含义相反，因此B选项“布朗先生要对邀请他外出就餐的人说不”是正确的。
4. 第四题要求选出表述不正确的选项：原文明确提到布朗先生一开始没有听从医生的建议，并没有马上听医嘱，因此C选项描述错误；A、B的表述都和原文内容完全一致，本题选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，文本信息正误判断
【点评】
本题属于基础的故事类阅读理解，绝大多数答案都可以直接在原文中找到对应依据，难度较低，解题时注意最后一道题是选错误表述，不要看错题干要求，细心比对原文和选项就能轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.7