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Ⅳ.阅读理解
As we know, the desert covers large areas of the earth. In the desert, there is very little rain and it is very hot in the day and so cold at night. If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.
Try to find water in the desert. If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water. Another method of getting water is to cover a green plant with a plastic bag. As it breathes, the water vapour will be collected inside the bag. Little by little, you can collect enough water to drink.
Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day if you find you have to stay in the desert for a period of time. If you can find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight.
Wear clothing in light colour. It may seem like you'll be cooler if you wear that kind of clothes, which actually help your body become cool and protect you from sunburn.
Prepare to signal to planes passing overhead if you are caught in the desert. During the day, keep a smoky fire burning and at night, a bright, clean burning one. Spell out the word SOS on the ground as large as you can, using whatever materials you can find. In this way, you are more likely to be saved.
(
A. In the day, it can be so cool.
B. It's always sunny and windy.
C. It becomes very cold at night.
D. It rains often, but never too heavily.
(
A. To put the rocks together.
B. To dig deep inside the wet earth.
C. To make a fire on the dry ground.
D. To hang a plastic bag under a green plant.
(
A. get some water
B. walk fast through the desert
C. keep away from the dangerous animals
D. protect ourselves from the strong sunlight
(
A. We can't find any shade as a shelter.
B. It's better to wear a white coat than a black one.
C. We shouldn't travel at night because we can't see clearly.
D. If you are in trouble, you should make a smoky fire at night.
As we know, the desert covers large areas of the earth. In the desert, there is very little rain and it is very hot in the day and so cold at night. If you are a hiker who wants to cross the desert, it might be wise to know what you should do in order to survive in the desert.
Try to find water in the desert. If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water. Another method of getting water is to cover a green plant with a plastic bag. As it breathes, the water vapour will be collected inside the bag. Little by little, you can collect enough water to drink.
Plan to travel at night and sleep during the day if you find you have to stay in the desert for a period of time. If you can find any shade in the desert, use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight.
Wear clothing in light colour. It may seem like you'll be cooler if you wear that kind of clothes, which actually help your body become cool and protect you from sunburn.
Prepare to signal to planes passing overhead if you are caught in the desert. During the day, keep a smoky fire burning and at night, a bright, clean burning one. Spell out the word SOS on the ground as large as you can, using whatever materials you can find. In this way, you are more likely to be saved.
(
C
)36. What's the weather like in the desert?A. In the day, it can be so cool.
B. It's always sunny and windy.
C. It becomes very cold at night.
D. It rains often, but never too heavily.
(
B
)37. Which is a good way to get water in the desert?A. To put the rocks together.
B. To dig deep inside the wet earth.
C. To make a fire on the dry ground.
D. To hang a plastic bag under a green plant.
(
D
)38. In the desert we sleep during the day in order to .A. get some water
B. walk fast through the desert
C. keep away from the dangerous animals
D. protect ourselves from the strong sunlight
(
B
)39. What can we infer from the passage?A. We can't find any shade as a shelter.
B. It's better to wear a white coat than a black one.
C. We shouldn't travel at night because we can't see clearly.
D. If you are in trouble, you should make a smoky fire at night.
答案
36.C 37.B 38.D 39.B
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍沙漠生存技巧的科普类阅读理解，解题时优先圈出每道题干的核心关键词，带着问题回原文定位对应段落，细节题直接匹配原文表述排除不符选项，推理判断题要逐一核对每个选项和原文信息的出入，排除完全错误的干扰项，最终选出符合要求的答案。比如第36题关键词是desert weather，直接定位首段找沙漠气候的描述，第37题关键词是get water，定位取水相关的第二段内容即可快速解题。
【解析】
36. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“it is very hot in the day and so cold at night”可知沙漠夜晚会变得很冷。选项A（白天很凉爽）和原文白天炎热矛盾，选项B（总是晴朗多风）原文未提及，选项D（经常下雨）和原文“there is very little rain”矛盾，因此选C。
37. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water”可知在湿润的泥土深处挖掘是沙漠取水的好方法。选项A、C原文完全没有提及，选项D描述错误，原文是用塑料袋盖住绿植而非挂在绿植下方，因此选B。
38. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight”可知白天休息、夜间出行的目的是躲避强烈的太阳光，其余选项的内容原文均未提到，因此选D。
39. 推理判断题：根据原文第四段“Wear clothing in light colour... protect you from sunburn”可知浅色衣物更适合沙漠环境，白色属于浅色、黑色属于深色，因此穿白外套比黑外套更好。选项A和原文“if you can find any shade in the desert”矛盾，选项C和原文建议夜间出行的表述矛盾，选项D和原文“During the day, keep a smoky fire burning and at night, a bright, clean burning one”矛盾，因此选B。
【答案】
36.C 37.B 38.D 39.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，科普类文本阅读
【点评】
本篇阅读属于实用科普类题型，整体难度偏低，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到答案，仅最后一道推理题需要结合常识对选项做简单延伸判断，做完题目既可以锻炼阅读信息查找能力，也能掌握基础的沙漠生存小技巧。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍沙漠生存技巧的科普类阅读理解，解题时优先圈出每道题干的核心关键词，带着问题回原文定位对应段落，细节题直接匹配原文表述排除不符选项，推理判断题要逐一核对每个选项和原文信息的出入，排除完全错误的干扰项，最终选出符合要求的答案。比如第36题关键词是desert weather，直接定位首段找沙漠气候的描述，第37题关键词是get water，定位取水相关的第二段内容即可快速解题。
【解析】
36. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“it is very hot in the day and so cold at night”可知沙漠夜晚会变得很冷。选项A（白天很凉爽）和原文白天炎热矛盾，选项B（总是晴朗多风）原文未提及，选项D（经常下雨）和原文“there is very little rain”矛盾，因此选C。
37. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“If you find a small piece of land where the earth is wet, dig deep inside to look for water”可知在湿润的泥土深处挖掘是沙漠取水的好方法。选项A、C原文完全没有提及，选项D描述错误，原文是用塑料袋盖住绿植而非挂在绿植下方，因此选B。
38. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段“use it as a shelter to protect you from the strong sunlight”可知白天休息、夜间出行的目的是躲避强烈的太阳光，其余选项的内容原文均未提到，因此选D。
39. 推理判断题：根据原文第四段“Wear clothing in light colour... protect you from sunburn”可知浅色衣物更适合沙漠环境，白色属于浅色、黑色属于深色，因此穿白外套比黑外套更好。选项A和原文“if you can find any shade in the desert”矛盾，选项C和原文建议夜间出行的表述矛盾，选项D和原文“During the day, keep a smoky fire burning and at night, a bright, clean burning one”矛盾，因此选B。
【答案】
36.C 37.B 38.D 39.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，阅读理解推理判断，科普类文本阅读
【点评】
本篇阅读属于实用科普类题型，整体难度偏低，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到答案，仅最后一道推理题需要结合常识对选项做简单延伸判断，做完题目既可以锻炼阅读信息查找能力，也能掌握基础的沙漠生存小技巧。
【难度系数】
0.7
