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C
新素材 中国古建筑 Walking in the hutongs of Beijing, you'll see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides. ▲ "Si" means east, west, south and north and "he" shows the traditional values of Chinese families.
The big gate was painted red, because red is the symbol of luck and happiness. Behind the gate, a large screen wall would stand. In the centre of the Siheyuan, the courtyard was planted with trees and flowers, with two stony paths leading to the houses on each side.
The whole building usually faces south, with a main room on the northern side, an opposite room in the south, and eastern and western wings on each side. The old usually live in the main room which has good lighting and temperature all year round, while the young would live in other wings.
Today, influenced by social changes, most houses have been taken down while the others that remain till these days are mostly improved to make them fit for today's modern living. This makes Siheyuan a valuable memory of the old Beijing City.
Luckily, architects have been trying to achieve a perfect mix of the modern and the traditional culture. For example, the places where athletes stayed during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing were designed in the shape of Siheyuan.
Siheyuan's symmetry design and shared spaces show the values deep in Chinese people's hearts, such as belief in balance, the importance of family and respect for older people. No matter how society has changed, Siheyuan is always seen as a symbol of China's rich culture. When you come to Beijing, do visit a Siheyuan to feel the heart of Beijing's culture!
(
A. It is called "Siheyuan", a traditional building in China.
B. Nowadays, it has been replaced by modern buildings in Beijing.
C. The houses in Siheyuan are made entirely of glass and steel.
D. The walls of Siheyuan are painted with beautiful murals, telling stories of ancient times.
(
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
(
A. "Si" means four directions and "he" means wealth and happiness.
B. The big gate of Siheyuan is usually painted red, green and black.
C. Most of the Siheyuan aren't kept well because of social changes.
D. Siheyuan shows the importance of family and care for the young.
(
(
A. Nature and animal. B. Food and health.
C. Science and technology. D. Travel and culture.
新素材 中国古建筑 Walking in the hutongs of Beijing, you'll see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides. ▲ "Si" means east, west, south and north and "he" shows the traditional values of Chinese families.
The big gate was painted red, because red is the symbol of luck and happiness. Behind the gate, a large screen wall would stand. In the centre of the Siheyuan, the courtyard was planted with trees and flowers, with two stony paths leading to the houses on each side.
The whole building usually faces south, with a main room on the northern side, an opposite room in the south, and eastern and western wings on each side. The old usually live in the main room which has good lighting and temperature all year round, while the young would live in other wings.
Today, influenced by social changes, most houses have been taken down while the others that remain till these days are mostly improved to make them fit for today's modern living. This makes Siheyuan a valuable memory of the old Beijing City.
Luckily, architects have been trying to achieve a perfect mix of the modern and the traditional culture. For example, the places where athletes stayed during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing were designed in the shape of Siheyuan.
Siheyuan's symmetry design and shared spaces show the values deep in Chinese people's hearts, such as belief in balance, the importance of family and respect for older people. No matter how society has changed, Siheyuan is always seen as a symbol of China's rich culture. When you come to Beijing, do visit a Siheyuan to feel the heart of Beijing's culture!
(
A
)36. 新考法 补全文章 Which sentence should go in " ▲ " in Paragraph 1?A. It is called "Siheyuan", a traditional building in China.
B. Nowadays, it has been replaced by modern buildings in Beijing.
C. The houses in Siheyuan are made entirely of glass and steel.
D. The walls of Siheyuan are painted with beautiful murals, telling stories of ancient times.
(
B
)37. 新考法 图示理解 Which position shows where the old people live in Siheyuan?A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
(
C
)38. What can we know from the passage?A. "Si" means four directions and "he" means wealth and happiness.
B. The big gate of Siheyuan is usually painted red, green and black.
C. Most of the Siheyuan aren't kept well because of social changes.
D. Siheyuan shows the importance of family and care for the young.
(
A
)39. 新考法 篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?(
D
)40. In what column can you read the passage in the newspaper?A. Nature and animal. B. Food and health.
C. Science and technology. D. Travel and culture.
答案
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了四合院。
36. A 补全文章题。根据"Walking in the hutongs of Beijing, you'll see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides."和"'Si' means east, west, south and north and 'he' shows the traditional values of Chinese families."可知,A项直接解释了前面所描述的院子是中国传统的建筑形式,即"四合院",又与后文对四合院的详细描述相吻合。故选A。
37. B 细节理解题。根据第三段"The whole building usually faces south, with a main room on the northern side ... The old usually live in the main room"可知,整个建筑通常朝南,北侧有一个主屋,老人通常住在主屋。根据图上指南针可知,北侧的是②。故选B。
38. C 细节理解题。根据第四段"influenced by social changes, most houses have been taken down"可知,受社会变化的影响,大多数房屋都被拆除了,即由于社会的变化,大部分的四合院没有得到很好的保护。故选C。
39. A 篇章结构题。根据文章可知,第一段介绍了什么是四合院,第二、三段介绍了四合院的外形,第四、五段介绍了四合院的发展,最后一段介绍了四合院的文化价值,文章结构与A项图示一致。故选A。
40. D 文章出处题。根据文章可知,本文主要介绍了四合院,它属于中国文化的一部分,由此可推知可以在报纸的"旅游和文化"栏目读到此文。故选D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了四合院。
36. A 补全文章题。根据"Walking in the hutongs of Beijing, you'll see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides."和"'Si' means east, west, south and north and 'he' shows the traditional values of Chinese families."可知,A项直接解释了前面所描述的院子是中国传统的建筑形式,即"四合院",又与后文对四合院的详细描述相吻合。故选A。
37. B 细节理解题。根据第三段"The whole building usually faces south, with a main room on the northern side ... The old usually live in the main room"可知,整个建筑通常朝南,北侧有一个主屋,老人通常住在主屋。根据图上指南针可知,北侧的是②。故选B。
38. C 细节理解题。根据第四段"influenced by social changes, most houses have been taken down"可知,受社会变化的影响,大多数房屋都被拆除了,即由于社会的变化,大部分的四合院没有得到很好的保护。故选C。
39. A 篇章结构题。根据文章可知,第一段介绍了什么是四合院,第二、三段介绍了四合院的外形,第四、五段介绍了四合院的发展,最后一段介绍了四合院的文化价值,文章结构与A项图示一致。故选A。
40. D 文章出处题。根据文章可知,本文主要介绍了四合院,它属于中国文化的一部分,由此可推知可以在报纸的"旅游和文化"栏目读到此文。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统建筑四合院的说明文阅读题，解题时可以按照不同题型的特点逐一突破：1. 第36题补全句子题，先观察空格前后的内容，前文描述了北京胡同里四面围合的院落形态，后文直接拆解“Si”和“he”的字面含义，因此空格处需要起到承上启下的作用，引出“四合院”这个核心概念，再逐一比对选项排除不符合逻辑的内容。2. 第37题图示理解题，先定位原文关于老人居住位置的描述，结合建筑坐北朝南、主屋在北侧的信息，对照插图的方位标识选出对应位置。3. 第38题细节判断题，将每个选项的表述和原文对应内容逐一比对，排除和原文描述不符的干扰项。4. 第39题篇章结构题，逐段梳理段落大意，划分出“总起介绍-细节特征介绍-发展现状介绍-文化价值总结”的逻辑框架，匹配对应的结构图示。5. 第40题文章出处题，结合全文介绍传统文化景点、邀请游客参观的属性，判断所属的报纸栏目。
【解析】
36. 补全文章题：空格前描述了北京胡同里四面被房屋和墙围起来的院落，后文直接解释“Si”指代四个方向、“he”体现中国家庭传统价值观，A选项直接点明这个院落就是中国传统建筑“四合院”，完美承接前文描述、引出后文对名称含义的解释；B选项说现在被现代建筑取代和后文内容矛盾，C选项说房屋全由玻璃钢铁建造不符合四合院的传统特征，D选项说墙壁绘有古代故事壁画在原文没有提及，因此选A。
37. 图示理解题：根据原文第三段“整个四合院整体朝南，北侧是主屋，老人通常住在采光和温度全年都很好的主屋”，结合插图的方位标识，北侧对应的位置是②，因此选B。
38. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项中“he指代财富和幸福”和原文“he体现中国家庭传统价值观”不符；B选项说大门涂有红、绿、黑三色，和原文“大门被漆成红色，红色是好运和幸福的象征”不符；C选项根据第四段“受社会变化影响，大部分四合院都被拆除了”，可知大部分四合院没有得到很好的留存，表述正确；D选项“四合院体现关爱年轻人的重要性”和原文“体现家庭的重要性、尊重老人”不符，因此选C。
39. 篇章结构题：梳理全文段落：第一段总起引入四合院的概念，第二、三段介绍四合院的外观布局特征，第四、五段介绍四合院的发展现状和现代应用，最后一段总结四合院的文化价值，整体逻辑符合总起-分述特征与发展-总结价值的结构，对应A选项的图示。
40. 文章出处题：本文主要介绍北京传统建筑四合院这一中国特色文化符号，文末还邀请游客到北京参观四合院，内容和文化介绍、旅游推荐相关，因此最可能出现在报纸的“旅游与文化”栏目，选D。
【答案】
36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文篇章结构，文化常识判断
【点评】
本题以中国传统古建筑四合院为命题素材，融入了多处新考法，既考查学生快速定位文本信息、比对判断细节的基础阅读能力，也考查学生逻辑梳理、图文转换的综合能力，同时渗透了中华优秀传统文化的科普，引导学生了解本土文化特色。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍中国传统建筑四合院的说明文阅读题，解题时可以按照不同题型的特点逐一突破：1. 第36题补全句子题，先观察空格前后的内容，前文描述了北京胡同里四面围合的院落形态，后文直接拆解“Si”和“he”的字面含义，因此空格处需要起到承上启下的作用，引出“四合院”这个核心概念，再逐一比对选项排除不符合逻辑的内容。2. 第37题图示理解题，先定位原文关于老人居住位置的描述，结合建筑坐北朝南、主屋在北侧的信息，对照插图的方位标识选出对应位置。3. 第38题细节判断题，将每个选项的表述和原文对应内容逐一比对，排除和原文描述不符的干扰项。4. 第39题篇章结构题，逐段梳理段落大意，划分出“总起介绍-细节特征介绍-发展现状介绍-文化价值总结”的逻辑框架，匹配对应的结构图示。5. 第40题文章出处题，结合全文介绍传统文化景点、邀请游客参观的属性，判断所属的报纸栏目。
【解析】
36. 补全文章题：空格前描述了北京胡同里四面被房屋和墙围起来的院落，后文直接解释“Si”指代四个方向、“he”体现中国家庭传统价值观，A选项直接点明这个院落就是中国传统建筑“四合院”，完美承接前文描述、引出后文对名称含义的解释；B选项说现在被现代建筑取代和后文内容矛盾，C选项说房屋全由玻璃钢铁建造不符合四合院的传统特征，D选项说墙壁绘有古代故事壁画在原文没有提及，因此选A。
37. 图示理解题：根据原文第三段“整个四合院整体朝南，北侧是主屋，老人通常住在采光和温度全年都很好的主屋”，结合插图的方位标识，北侧对应的位置是②，因此选B。
38. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项中“he指代财富和幸福”和原文“he体现中国家庭传统价值观”不符；B选项说大门涂有红、绿、黑三色，和原文“大门被漆成红色，红色是好运和幸福的象征”不符；C选项根据第四段“受社会变化影响，大部分四合院都被拆除了”，可知大部分四合院没有得到很好的留存，表述正确；D选项“四合院体现关爱年轻人的重要性”和原文“体现家庭的重要性、尊重老人”不符，因此选C。
39. 篇章结构题：梳理全文段落：第一段总起引入四合院的概念，第二、三段介绍四合院的外观布局特征，第四、五段介绍四合院的发展现状和现代应用，最后一段总结四合院的文化价值，整体逻辑符合总起-分述特征与发展-总结价值的结构，对应A选项的图示。
40. 文章出处题：本文主要介绍北京传统建筑四合院这一中国特色文化符号，文末还邀请游客到北京参观四合院，内容和文化介绍、旅游推荐相关，因此最可能出现在报纸的“旅游与文化”栏目，选D。
【答案】
36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，说明文篇章结构，文化常识判断
【点评】
本题以中国传统古建筑四合院为命题素材，融入了多处新考法，既考查学生快速定位文本信息、比对判断细节的基础阅读能力，也考查学生逻辑梳理、图文转换的综合能力，同时渗透了中华优秀传统文化的科普，引导学生了解本土文化特色。
【难度系数】
0.7
