五、综合填空(每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most adults find it hard to remember the things that happened while they were children. Now scientists have found exactly when these memories 46 (appear).
A new study has found that most three - year - old children can remember a lot of what happened to them a year 47 (early), and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weak 48 (quick).
Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their experiences from under the age of 3 according to the new studies.
The scientists say this is because at around this age, the way we form memories begins 49 (change). They say that before the age of 7, children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, 50, the early things they can remember become more adult - like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of 51 (forget) than adults. The discoveries also help to explain(解释) why children can often have clear memories of what they 52 (do), but then forget them just several years later.
The children were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed(印象深刻的) things from their past, such 53 the first relaxing trip with their family, the first accident they met with, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second period between the 54 (age) of 5 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7, 55 amount(量) of memories that the children could remember remained between 63%—72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, it fell to between 35%—36%.
46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

五、综合填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了很多人记不住童年时期的事情的背后原因。
46. disappeared 47. earlier 48. quickly
49. to change/changing 50. however 51. forgetting
52. have done 53. as 54. ages 55. the

【分析】
1. 第46空：前文提到成年人难以记住童年的事，结合语境可知此处是说科学家发现这些记忆何时消失，主语memories是复数，且描述的是已发现的事实，用一般过去时，故填disappeared。
2. 第47空：“a year earlier”是固定表达，意为“一年前”，符合文中三岁孩子能记住一年前发生的事的语境，所以用early的比较级earlier。
3. 第48空：此处需要副词修饰动词短语“become weak”，quick的副词形式是quickly，用来表示记忆快速变弱。
4. 第49空：“begin to do sth.”和“begin doing sth.”都是固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，所以此处可填to change或changing。
5. 第50空：前文讲7岁前孩子的记忆没有时空感，后文讲大一点的孩子记忆形成方式更像成人，前后是转折关系，且空后有逗号，故用however。
6. 第51空：“of”是介词，后面接动词的动名词形式，forget的动名词是forgetting，符合“遗忘的速度”这一语境。
7. 第52空：此处强调孩子做过的事对现在的影响（有清晰记忆），要用现在完成时，主语是they，故填have done。
8. 第53空：“such as”是固定短语，用来举例，符合文中列举童年经历的语境。
9. 第54空：“between the ages of...”是固定搭配，意为“在……年龄之间”，所以用age的复数形式ages。
10. 第55空：“the amount of”是固定短语，意为“……的数量”，用来修饰不可数名词memories（此处表整体概念），故填the。
【解析】
46. disappeared：根据语境，成年人记不住童年记忆，科学家发现这些记忆消失的时间，用一般过去式。
47. earlier：固定表达“a year earlier”表示“一年前”。
48. quickly：副词修饰动词短语“become weak”，说明记忆变弱的速度。
49. to change/changing：“begin to do/doing sth.”为固定搭配，此处表示记忆形成方式开始改变。
50. however：前后句为转折关系，用转折副词however，且空后有逗号。
51. forgetting：介词“of”后接动名词形式，构成“the speed of forgetting”表示“遗忘速度”。
52. have done：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响，符合孩子对过往经历有清晰记忆的语境。
53. as：“such as”是固定举例短语。
54. ages：固定搭配“between the ages of...”，age用复数形式。
55. the：“the amount of”是固定短语，表“……的数量”。
【答案】
46. disappeared
47. earlier
48. quickly
49. to change/changing
50. however
51. forgetting
52. have done
53. as
54. ages
55. the
【知识点】
1. 动词时态
2. 固定短语搭配
3. 词性转换
【点评】
本题考查英语综合运用能力，涵盖动词时态、固定短语、词性转换等多个知识点，需要结合上下文语境和语法规则进行填空，对学生的语篇理解和语法基础有一定要求。
【难度系数】
0.6