2026年同步练习册山东友谊出版社七年级英语上册鲁教版五四制第15页答案
根据所学语音知识,按画线部分的发音
将下列单词分类。
learn horse nurse hard cousin
doctor person study smart teacher
sofa start product awful cause
1. /ɑː/
hard, smart, start

2. /ɜː/
learn, nurse, person

3. /ə/
doctor, teacher, sofa

4. /ɔː/
horse, awful, cause

5. /ʌ/
cousin, study, product

答案

1. hard, smart, start
2. learn, nurse, person
3. doctor, teacher, sofa
4. horse, awful, cause
5. cousin, study, product

解析

【分析】
解题思路为:先逐个确定每个单词画线部分的音标,再匹配题目给出的5个音标类别,将对应发音的单词归类。具体步骤:1. 明确每个单词画线部分的发音;2. 对应到题目中的音标类别;3. 完成所有单词的分类。
【解析】
根据各单词画线部分的发音,分类结果如下:
1. 发音为/ɑː/的单词:hard, smart, start
2. 发音为/ɜː/的单词:learn, nurse, person
3. 发音为/ə/的单词:doctor, teacher, sofa
4. 发音为/ɔː/的单词:horse, awful, cause
5. 发音为/ʌ/的单词:cousin, study, product
【答案】
1. hard, smart, start
2. learn, nurse, person
3. doctor, teacher, sofa
4. horse, awful, cause
5. cousin, study, product
【知识点】
英语音标发音、单词发音分类
【点评】
本题考查常见字母组合的音标发音,属于英语语音基础题型,要求学生掌握基础语音知识,准确区分不同字母组合在单词中的发音,是巩固英语语音的典型练习。
【难度系数】
0.7
一、根据所给音标提示,写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. The
temperature
/ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ today is very high. It's 35 ℃.
2. It's not safe to stand under a tree when there is
lightning
/ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/.
3. In winter, many birds come here from the
north
/nɔːθ/.
4. The ground is always
dry
/draɪ/ here because it doesn't rain much.
5. Hainan Island is in the
south
/saʊθ/ of China.
6. Look! The bright moon is
high
/haɪ/ up in the sky.
7. I feel scared on
stormy
/ˈstɔːmi/ nights.
8. The lake turns into ice because of the
freezing
/ˈfriːzɪŋ/ weather today.
9. My grandparents still live in my
hometown
/ˈhəʊmtaʊn/, a small village by the river.
10. It is
lucky
/ˈlʌki/ for us to bring a map, or we will lose our way in the forest.

答案

1. temperature
2. lightning
3. north
4. dry
5. south
6. high
7. stormy
8. freezing
9. hometown
10. lucky

解析

【分析】这类题目要求根据给出的音标和句子语境,写出正确的英语单词。解题思路是:先准确认读每个小题的音标,再结合句子的语法结构(如修饰名词用形容词、作主语/宾语用名词等)确定单词词性,最后拼写出符合要求的正确单词,确保拼写无误。
【解析】1. 音标/ˈtemprətʃə(r)/对应名词temperature,在句中作主语,符合“今日气温高”的语境;2. 音标/ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/对应名词lightning,在句中作表语,符合“树下避雨不安全”的语境;3. 音标/nɔːθ/对应名词north,from the north表示“来自北方”,符合逻辑;4. 音标/draɪ/对应形容词dry,在句中作表语,结合“雨水少”的语境;5. 音标/saʊθ/对应名词south,in the south of表示“在……南部”,符合常识;6. 音标/haɪ/对应形容词high,high up表示“高高在上”,修饰月亮;7. 音标/ˈstɔːmi/对应形容词stormy,修饰名词nights,意为“暴风雨的夜晚”;8. 音标/ˈfriːzɪŋ/对应形容词freezing,修饰名词weather,意为“严寒的天气”;9. 音标/ˈhəʊmtaʊn/对应名词hometown,my hometown表示“我的家乡”;10. 音标/ˈlʌki/对应形容词lucky,符合句型It is + adj + for sb to do sth,意为“幸运的”。
【答案】1. temperature;2. lightning;3. north;4. dry;5. south;6. high;7. stormy;8. freezing;9. hometown;10. lucky
【知识点】英语音标与单词拼写、形容词的用法、名词的用法
【点评】本题属于基础词汇考查题,重点检测学生对常见英语音标的认读能力和核心词汇的拼写掌握,同时结合句子语境判断单词词性,难度较低,平时积累扎实即可轻松完成。
【难度系数】0.8
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. They usually stay in when it is
snowing/snowy
(snow).
2. Don't go out. It's raining
heavily
(heavy) outside.
3. The weather is
windy
(wind), just right for flying a kite.
4. If the weather is hot and dry, you need
to water
(water) the flowers more often.
5. The baby
is sleeping
(sleep). Don't wake her up.
6. Our class
starts
(start) at eight o'clock every morning. Now it's eight o'clock. We
are having
(have) an English class in the classroom.
7. We are
lucky
(luck) that the rain stops just in time for the picnic.
8. —What's your favourite season? —Winter. We can make
snowmen
(snowman).
9. Susan enjoys
sunbathing
(sunbathe) on the beach with her parents in summer.
10. It's
cloudy
(cloud). It seems to rain soon.

答案

1. snowing/snowy
2. heavily
3. windy
4. to water
5. is sleeping
6. starts; are having
7. lucky
8. snowmen
9. sunbathing
10. cloudy

解析

【分析】本题为英语词汇适当形式填空题,需结合句子的语法结构(如作表语、修饰动词)、时态标志词、固定搭配等,判断所给单词的正确形式:1. 第一题描述天气,be动词后可接现在分词或形容词;2. 第二题修饰动词rain需用副词;3. 第三题be动词后接形容词作表语;4. 第四题考查need的固定搭配;5. 第五题根据语境判断为现在进行时;6. 第六题分别考查一般现在时(表经常性动作)和现在进行时(表正在进行的动作);7. 第七题be动词后接形容词;8. 第八题考查固定短语make snowman的复数形式;9. 第九题考查enjoy的固定搭配;10. 第十题be动词后接形容词表天气。
【解析】1. 句意为“当下雪时,他们通常待在家里”,be动词后可接现在分词构成现在进行时,或形容词snowy表“下雪的”,故填snowing/snowy;2. 修饰动词rain需用副词,heavy的副词形式为heavily,故填heavily;3. be动词is后需接形容词作表语,wind的形容词为windy,故填windy;4. need作实义动词时,后接不定式to do,构成need to do sth结构,故填to water;5. 根据“Don't wake her up”可知动作正在进行,用现在进行时,结构为“am/is/are+动词现在分词”,主语the baby为单数,故填is sleeping;6. 第一空由every morning可知用一般现在时,主语our class为单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式starts;第二空由now可知用现在进行时,主语we对应are having,故填starts; are having;7. be动词are后需接形容词,luck的形容词为lucky,故填lucky;8. 固定短语make snowman表示“堆雪人”,此处需用复数形式snowmen,故填snowmen;9. enjoy后接动名词作宾语,sunbathe的动名词为sunbathing,故填sunbathing;10. be动词is后需接形容词,cloud的形容词为cloudy,故填cloudy;
【答案】1. snowing/snowy 2. heavily 3. windy 4. to water 5. is sleeping 6. starts; are having 7. lucky 8. snowmen 9. sunbathing 10. cloudy
【知识点】词汇形式转换、时态运用、固定搭配
【点评】本题为初中英语基础题型,考查学生对词性转换、不同时态及固定搭配的掌握,难度适中,是日常学习中常见的词汇运用练习。
【难度系数】0.6