一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. Correct （拼法）is very important, especially in formal writing.
2. We often walk to a nearby （购物中心）to shop at weekends.
3. Many children like eating potato （炸马铃薯条）.
4. Many modern （公寓套房）come with elevators.
5. Young people love watching （电影）to relax.

1.spelling 2.mall 3.chips 4.apartments
5.movies/films

【分析】
本题要求根据汉语意思填写正确的英语单词，需结合句子语境、词性及常见词汇的拼写确定答案。先明确每个小题的汉语提示，再匹配对应英语名词，注意单词的正确形式（如第4题因前面有many需用复数）。
【解析】
1. 汉语提示“拼法”对应名词spelling，在句中作主语，符合语法要求；
2. 汉语提示“购物中心”对应名词mall，符合语境；
3. 汉语提示“炸马铃薯条”对应名词chips，常用复数形式；
4. 汉语提示“公寓套房”对应名词apartments，因前面有many，需用复数形式；
5. 汉语提示“电影”对应名词movies或films，符合语境。
【答案】
1.spelling 2.mall 3.chips 4.apartments 5.movies/films
【知识点】
英语词汇拼写；名词词义
【点评】
本题考查基础英语名词的词义与拼写，属于英语学习的基础题型，需学生牢记常见词汇，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Many people live in the south of . (France)
7. We should accept and respect those who are from us. (different)
8. His wise decisions (misunderstand) at first because his parents didn't fully understand him.
9. Wood is usually used (make) furniture in our daily lives.
10. Unclear instructions usually people and lead to many situations during the whole process. (confuse)

6.French;France 7.differences;different
8.were misunderstood 9.to make
10.confuse;confusing

【分析】
本题考查英语单词的适当形式填空，需结合词性、固定搭配、时态语态等知识解题：
6题：括号中France是名词（法国），第一空修饰名词people，需用其形容词形式French（法国的）；第二空表示“在法国南部”，需用名词France。
7题：different是形容词（不同的），第一空在动词accept后作宾语，需用其名词复数形式differences（差异）；第二空是固定搭配be different from（与……不同）。
8题：主语decisions是复数，与动词misunderstand是被动关系（决定被误解），时间状语at first表过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。
9题：考查固定搭配be used to do sth（被用来做某事）。
10题：第一空作谓语，主语instructions是复数，一般现在时用动词原形confuse（使困惑）；第二空修饰事物situations，需用形容词confusing（令人困惑的）。
【解析】
6. 第一空修饰people，用France的形容词French；第二空表示国家，用名词France，故填French;France。
7. 第一空作accept的宾语，用different的名词复数differences；第二空为固定搭配be different from，故填differences;different。
8. 主语decisions与misunderstand是被动关系，时间为过去，复数主语对应were，misunderstand的过去分词是misunderstood，故填were misunderstood。
9. 根据固定搭配be used to do sth，故填to make。
10. 第一空作谓语，用动词confuse；第二空修饰事物，用形容词confusing，故填confuse;confusing。
【答案】
6.French;France 7.differences;different 8.were misunderstood 9.to make 10.confuse;confusing
【知识点】
词性转换、固定搭配、被动语态
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考察单词的词性变化、固定搭配及被动语态的运用，需掌握常见单词的不同词性形式和相关语法规则，整体难度适中，适合初中英语学习者巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读理解。
Deep in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, there lives one of the world's most mysterious tribes (部落). Only a few of Piraha people speak their own language, Piraha. Piraha is an unusual language. It has no exact numbers. There are only three "quantity (数量) words" in it: hói, meaning "a small size or amount"; hoí, meaning "a kind of larger size or amount"; and baágiso, meaning "a bunch (一堆)".
So how do the Piraha count? How do they ask for two of something instead of just one? Over the years, many researchers have tried to answer these questions. One of them is Caleb Everett, who travelled to the Piraha villages a few years ago to run a few simple experiments.
For one test, Everett put a row of batteries on a table. He then asked the Piraha to make a second row just like the first one. For another, Everett showed a row of batteries and then hid them from view. Again, he asked for a second row just like the first one. In both cases, no mistakes were made as long as there were no more than three batteries. More than that, the Piraha found it hard to make the second row. English speakers often find such tasks easy, unless there are too many batteries, or when the batteries are shown quickly and then hidden. The Piraha, however, didn't appear to be counting at all. Well, without number words, how could they count?
Everett concluded (得出结论) that the Piraha never needed numbers. In their culture, accurate counting is never valued. Some researchers tried to teach the Piraha number words, but there was little success. The Piraha were not interested at all.
In our increasingly data-driven (数据驱动的) culture, living without numbers is unthinkable. But while we are busy recording our heart rate and measuring our daily food intake, the Piraha are also living a happy life.
() 11. What can we know about the Piraha language?
A. It has many exact numbers.
B. It has no words for describing amounts.
C. It is the same as other languages in the rainforest.
D. It is an unusual language without exact numbers.
() 12. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
①By listing numbers. ②By giving examples.
③By making a comparison. ④By explaining the process.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ③④ D. ②④
() 13. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. One can still live a happy life without focusing on data.
B. It is not necessary for schools to teach kids how to count.
C. It is wrong to pay too much attention to the data in our lives.
D. The Piraha would lead a happier life if they knew how to count.
() 14. What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce a special tribe and its culture.
B. To encourage us to learn different languages.
C. To show numbers are very important in our lives.
D. To advise people to live a simple and happy life.

11.D 12.C 13.A 14.A

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合原文内容逐一分析各题：11题定位原文关于Piraha语言的描述，排除错误选项；12题分析第三段的写作结构，明确其发展方式；13题结合最后一段的转折逻辑推断隐含信息；14题梳理全文主旨确定作者写作目的。
【解析】
11题：定位原文第一段“Piraha is an unusual language. It has no exact numbers.”。A项与原文“no exact numbers”矛盾；B项与原文提到的三个数量词矛盾；C项原文未提及；D项符合原文描述，故选D。
12题：第三段先介绍实验的操作过程（解释过程），再对比Piraha人与英语使用者的表现（对比），对应③④，故选C。
13题：最后一段转折后指出，数据驱动的文化中无数字难以想象，但Piraha人仍过得幸福，可推断出不关注数据也能幸福生活，对应A；B、C、D均与原文不符，故选A。
14题：全文围绕亚马逊Piraha部落展开，介绍其特殊语言及文化，作者目的是介绍该特殊部落及其文化，对应A；B、C、D偏离主旨，故选A。
【答案】11.D 12.C 13.A 14.A
【知识点】阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解推理判断、阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解核心能力，涵盖细节定位、结构分析、推理判断及主旨把握，需学生精准解读原文并辨析选项，是典型的初中英语阅读理解题型。
【难度系数】0.5