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Where does clean water come from?
When you turn on a tap, clean water comes out. But do you know where it comes from? Only about 3% of the water on Earth is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. Only about 1% of the fresh water is in lakes, rivers and streams.
To get clean water, people take water from rivers, lakes or underground. Then they send it to a water treatment plant. There, workers clean and test the water. After that, it travels through pipes to our homes. This is a long and careful process. That’s why we should never waste water. Every drop is precious（珍贵的）!
Water Fact Card
• About 1.
• Most fresh water is 2.
• Only about 3.
• Before water comes to our tap, workers clean and 4.
• There is very little fresh water we can use, and it takes a long 5.
Where does clean water come from?
When you turn on a tap, clean water comes out. But do you know where it comes from? Only about 3% of the water on Earth is fresh water. Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. Only about 1% of the fresh water is in lakes, rivers and streams.
To get clean water, people take water from rivers, lakes or underground. Then they send it to a water treatment plant. There, workers clean and test the water. After that, it travels through pipes to our homes. This is a long and careful process. That’s why we should never waste water. Every drop is precious（珍贵的）!
Water Fact Card
• About 1.
3%
of the Earth’s water is fresh water.• Most fresh water is 2.
frozen
in glaciers and ice caps.• Only about 3.
1%
of the fresh water is in lakes, rivers and streams.• Before water comes to our tap, workers clean and 4.
test
the water at a treatment plant.• There is very little fresh water we can use, and it takes a long 5.
process
to make it clean.答案
1. 3% 2. frozen 3. 1% 4. test 5. process
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解细节填空题，解题思路是先通读短文，根据每个空的关键词定位短文中的对应句子，提取匹配的信息完成填空。每个空的答案都能在原文中找到直接依据，只需准确提取细节即可。
【解析】1. 定位短文第一段关键句“Only about 3% of the water on Earth is fresh water.”，可知地球约3%的水是淡水，故填3%；2. 同一段关键句“Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps.”，可知大部分淡水以冰冻状态存在，故填frozen；3. 第一段最后一句“Only about 1% of the fresh water is in lakes, rivers and streams.”，可知仅约1%的淡水在河湖溪流中，故填1%；4. 第二段关键句“workers clean and test the water.”，可知水处理厂工人会清洁并检测水，故填test；5. 第二段关键句“This is a long and careful process.”，结合句意可知净化水需要漫长的过程，故填process。
【答案】1. 3% 2. frozen 3. 1% 4. test 5. process
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节信息提取
【点评】本题侧重考查学生对英语短文细节信息的定位与提取能力，题目难度较低，属于基础阅读理解题型，只要认真阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】0.8
【解析】1. 定位短文第一段关键句“Only about 3% of the water on Earth is fresh water.”，可知地球约3%的水是淡水，故填3%；2. 同一段关键句“Most of the fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps.”，可知大部分淡水以冰冻状态存在，故填frozen；3. 第一段最后一句“Only about 1% of the fresh water is in lakes, rivers and streams.”，可知仅约1%的淡水在河湖溪流中，故填1%；4. 第二段关键句“workers clean and test the water.”，可知水处理厂工人会清洁并检测水，故填test；5. 第二段关键句“This is a long and careful process.”，结合句意可知净化水需要漫长的过程，故填process。
【答案】1. 3% 2. frozen 3. 1% 4. test 5. process
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节信息提取
【点评】本题侧重考查学生对英语短文细节信息的定位与提取能力，题目难度较低，属于基础阅读理解题型，只要认真阅读原文即可准确作答。
【难度系数】0.8
读一读，选择正确的单词补全句子。
1. There is broken glass and cans in the river. We should
2. Some factories pour dirty water into the river. We must
3. I have some used paper bags. I can
4. There
5. There
6. There
7. There
1. There is broken glass and cans in the river. We should
recycle
(recycle / throw) them to help the environment.2. Some factories pour dirty water into the river. We must
reduce
(reduce / throw) that.3. I have some used paper bags. I can
reuse
(reuse / recycle) them instead of throwing them away.4. There
is
(is / was) a river here now.5. There
are
(are / were) no trees here now.6. There
were
(are / were) no fish in the river a few years ago.7. There
was
(was / is) a lot of waste in the water before.答案
1. recycle 2. reduce 3. reuse 4. is 5. are 6. were 7. was
解析
【分析】
先通读每个句子，结合语境区分每组单词的词义，同时关注there be句型的时间标志词（now、a few years ago、before），再根据时态和主谓一致原则选择正确单词。
【解析】
1. 句意为河里有碎玻璃和罐子，我们应通过回收它们来保护环境，recycle意为“回收”，throw意为“扔”，故选recycle；
2. 句意为一些工厂往河里排脏水，我们必须减少这种情况，reduce意为“减少”，throw意为“扔”，故选reduce；
3. 句意为我有一些用过的纸袋，我可以再利用它们而不是扔掉，reuse意为“再利用”，recycle侧重“回收再加工”，此处指重复使用纸袋，故选reuse；
4. 时间状语now表现在，主语glass为不可数名词，there be用is，故选is；
5. 时间状语now表现在，主语trees为复数，there be用are，故选are；
6. 时间状语a few years ago表过去，主语trees为复数，there be用were，故选were；
7. 时间状语before表过去，主语waste为不可数名词，there be用was，故选was。
【答案】
1. recycle 2. reduce 3. reuse 4. is 5. are 6. were 7. was
【知识点】
词汇辨析；there be句型时态
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇词义辨析和there be句型的时态运用，是英语学习的基础题型，需结合语境和时间标志词解题。
【难度系数】
0.3
先通读每个句子，结合语境区分每组单词的词义，同时关注there be句型的时间标志词（now、a few years ago、before），再根据时态和主谓一致原则选择正确单词。
【解析】
1. 句意为河里有碎玻璃和罐子，我们应通过回收它们来保护环境，recycle意为“回收”，throw意为“扔”，故选recycle；
2. 句意为一些工厂往河里排脏水，我们必须减少这种情况，reduce意为“减少”，throw意为“扔”，故选reduce；
3. 句意为我有一些用过的纸袋，我可以再利用它们而不是扔掉，reuse意为“再利用”，recycle侧重“回收再加工”，此处指重复使用纸袋，故选reuse；
4. 时间状语now表现在，主语glass为不可数名词，there be用is，故选is；
5. 时间状语now表现在，主语trees为复数，there be用are，故选are；
6. 时间状语a few years ago表过去，主语trees为复数，there be用were，故选were；
7. 时间状语before表过去，主语waste为不可数名词，there be用was，故选was。
【答案】
1. recycle 2. reduce 3. reuse 4. is 5. are 6. were 7. was
【知识点】
词汇辨析；there be句型时态
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇词义辨析和there be句型的时态运用，是英语学习的基础题型，需结合语境和时间标志词解题。
【难度系数】
0.3
