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二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The Dead Sea is
2. Please write your height and weight in the
3. The tall boy jumped
4. The Mariana Trench is
5. Because the lake is several
1. The Dead Sea is
the lowest
(low) place on earth.2. Please write your height and weight in the
measurement
(measure) chart on the paper.3. The tall boy jumped
(the) highest
(high) among all the athletes.4. The Mariana Trench is
the deepest
(deep) point in the ocean.5. Because the lake is several
kilometres
(kilometre) wide, it takes a long time to walk around it.答案
1. the lowest 2. measurement 3. (the) highest 4. the deepest 5. kilometres
解析
【分析】
我们可以逐题结合语境和语法规则推导正确形式：
1. 首先看到句末的范围on earth（在地球上），是三者以上的大范围比较，需要使用形容词最高级，形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，所以把low变为对应的最高级形式即可。
2. 空格后是名词chart，此处需要表达“测量表”的含义，需要把动词measure变为名词形式作定语修饰chart。
3. 句中出现among all the athletes（在所有运动员之中），属于三者以上的比较范围，修饰动词jumped要用副词的最高级，副词最高级前的定冠词the可以省略。
4. 句中范围是in the ocean（在海洋里），是大范围的多者比较，要用形容词最高级修饰名词point，形容词最高级前要加the。
5. 空格前有several（几个），several后面要接可数名词的复数形式，因此可数名词kilometre要变为复数。
【解析】
1. 形容词low的最高级为lowest，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，因此填the lowest。
2. 动词measure的名词形式为measurement，measurement chart表示“测量表”，因此填measurement。
3. 副词high的最高级为highest，修饰动词jumped，副词最高级前定冠词the可省略，因此填(the) highest。
4. 形容词deep的最高级为deepest，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，因此填the deepest。
5. 可数名词kilometre前有several修饰，变复数直接加s，因此填kilometres。
【答案】
1. the lowest 2. measurement 3. (the) highest 4. the deepest 5. kilometres
【知识点】
形容词最高级，词性转换，名词复数
【点评】
本题是基础的词形变换题，核心考察最高级的判定标志（among、in加大范围），同时涉及常见动词转名词的变形规则、可数名词复数变化，易错点是学生容易忘记形容词最高级前加the，忽略several后接可数名词复数的要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
我们可以逐题结合语境和语法规则推导正确形式：
1. 首先看到句末的范围on earth（在地球上），是三者以上的大范围比较，需要使用形容词最高级，形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，所以把low变为对应的最高级形式即可。
2. 空格后是名词chart，此处需要表达“测量表”的含义，需要把动词measure变为名词形式作定语修饰chart。
3. 句中出现among all the athletes（在所有运动员之中），属于三者以上的比较范围，修饰动词jumped要用副词的最高级，副词最高级前的定冠词the可以省略。
4. 句中范围是in the ocean（在海洋里），是大范围的多者比较，要用形容词最高级修饰名词point，形容词最高级前要加the。
5. 空格前有several（几个），several后面要接可数名词的复数形式，因此可数名词kilometre要变为复数。
【解析】
1. 形容词low的最高级为lowest，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，因此填the lowest。
2. 动词measure的名词形式为measurement，measurement chart表示“测量表”，因此填measurement。
3. 副词high的最高级为highest，修饰动词jumped，副词最高级前定冠词the可省略，因此填(the) highest。
4. 形容词deep的最高级为deepest，形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，因此填the deepest。
5. 可数名词kilometre前有several修饰，变复数直接加s，因此填kilometres。
【答案】
1. the lowest 2. measurement 3. (the) highest 4. the deepest 5. kilometres
【知识点】
形容词最高级，词性转换，名词复数
【点评】
本题是基础的词形变换题，核心考察最高级的判定标志（among、in加大范围），同时涉及常见动词转名词的变形规则、可数名词复数变化，易错点是学生容易忘记形容词最高级前加the，忽略several后接可数名词复数的要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 9,320,000 square kilometres in size. This is almost the same size as China. The desert covers eleven countries in the north of Africa.
The Nile runs through the Sahara Desert all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally. The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields. Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 150 metres high. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert.
It is very hot and dry in the Sahara Desert. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. Today the Sahara's population is over two million. They move from place to place through the desert. Because of this, there are many different cultures and languages in this area.
(
A. Half of China's size.
B. The size of China.
C. The size of India.
D. The size of England.
(
A. Because the strong winds blow away the seeds.
B. Because the temperature changes a lot.
C. Because there are too many animals eating them.
D. Because it's very hot and dry with poor conditions.
(
A. High temperatures.
B. Rivers in the desert.
C. A few plants in the desert.
D. Different kinds of animals.
(
A. The number of animal species in its driest part.
B. The specific names of the eleven countries it covers.
C. The exact temperature in the coldest months of the year.
D. The detailed reasons for the formation of its huge sand dunes.
(
A. To compare the Sahara Desert with other deserts.
B. To explain why the Sahara Desert is hot and dry.
C. To describe how people live in the Sahara Desert.
D. To introduce the Sahara Desert's size, geography, climate and life.
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 9,320,000 square kilometres in size. This is almost the same size as China. The desert covers eleven countries in the north of Africa.
The Nile runs through the Sahara Desert all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it seasonally. The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields. Some of the sand dunes are so huge that they can even be over 150 metres high. But there are also other amazing landforms (地形) in different parts of the desert.
It is very hot and dry in the Sahara Desert. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals. Today the Sahara's population is over two million. They move from place to place through the desert. Because of this, there are many different cultures and languages in this area.
(
B
) 1. Which of the following is closest to the size of the Sahara Desert?A. Half of China's size.
B. The size of China.
C. The size of India.
D. The size of England.
(
D
) 2. Why is it difficult for many plants to grow in the Sahara Desert?A. Because the strong winds blow away the seeds.
B. Because the temperature changes a lot.
C. Because there are too many animals eating them.
D. Because it's very hot and dry with poor conditions.
(
C
) 3. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?A. High temperatures.
B. Rivers in the desert.
C. A few plants in the desert.
D. Different kinds of animals.
(
A
) 4. What can we know about the Sahara Desert from the text?A. The number of animal species in its driest part.
B. The specific names of the eleven countries it covers.
C. The exact temperature in the coldest months of the year.
D. The detailed reasons for the formation of its huge sand dunes.
(
D
) 5. What's the main purpose of the text?A. To compare the Sahara Desert with other deserts.
B. To explain why the Sahara Desert is hot and dry.
C. To describe how people live in the Sahara Desert.
D. To introduce the Sahara Desert's size, geography, climate and life.
答案
1—5 BDCAD
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明类阅读理解题，解题时可以遵循“先读题干划关键词，再回原文定位找对应信息，最后比对选项排除错误项”的思路：首先明确每道题的提问核心，比如第1题问面积相关信息，直接去第一段找尺寸描述的内容；细节类题目找到原文对应句后直接匹配正确选项，指代题要就近往前文找指代的名词，主旨题要综合全文各段落的核心内容，避免把局部信息当成全文主旨，就能顺利选出所有正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第一段第三句“This is almost the same size as China”，可知撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎和中国一样大，对应选项B。A选项“中国的一半”、C选项“印度的面积”、D选项“英格兰的面积”均和原文表述不符，排除。
2. 细节理解题：定位原文第三段前半部分，提到撒哈拉沙漠炎热干燥，“Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here”，可知很难有大量植物生长的原因是沙漠炎热干燥、生存条件差，对应选项D。A选项“强风刮走种子”、B选项“温差极大”、C选项“大量动物啃食植物”原文均未提及，排除。
3. 代词指代题：划线词They的前一句提到“only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds”，本句意为“它们也对动物的数量有影响”，结合逻辑可知They指代的是前文提到的沙漠里为数不多的植物，对应选项C。
4. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项，原文第三段明确提到“In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals”，可知我们能得知沙漠最干旱区域的动物物种数量，表述正确；B选项，原文仅提到沙漠覆盖11个非洲国家，没有给出这些国家的具体名称，排除；C选项，原文只提到了最热月份的温度，没有提及最冷月份的准确温度，排除；D选项，原文只提到了巨型沙丘的高度，没有说明沙丘形成的详细原因，排除。因此选A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文分别从面积、覆盖范围、地理地貌、气候、动植物、人口文化多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关信息，对应选项D。A选项“将撒哈拉和其他沙漠对比”原文完全没有涉及，B选项“解释撒哈拉炎热干燥的原因”、C选项“描述撒哈拉居民的生活”都只是全文的局部内容，不能概括全文写作目的，排除。
【答案】
BDCAD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析，说明文主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础说明类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，没有设置过多干扰项，非常适合锻炼学生快速查找文本信息的能力。解题时要注意不要加入自己的课外常识主观臆断，所有选项的判断依据都要从原文中找到对应支撑，做指代题时要遵循“就近指代”的原则，主旨题要注意覆盖全文所有段落的核心内容，不要被局部信息误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍撒哈拉沙漠的说明类阅读理解题，解题时可以遵循“先读题干划关键词，再回原文定位找对应信息，最后比对选项排除错误项”的思路：首先明确每道题的提问核心，比如第1题问面积相关信息，直接去第一段找尺寸描述的内容；细节类题目找到原文对应句后直接匹配正确选项，指代题要就近往前文找指代的名词，主旨题要综合全文各段落的核心内容，避免把局部信息当成全文主旨，就能顺利选出所有正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第一段第三句“This is almost the same size as China”，可知撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎和中国一样大，对应选项B。A选项“中国的一半”、C选项“印度的面积”、D选项“英格兰的面积”均和原文表述不符，排除。
2. 细节理解题：定位原文第三段前半部分，提到撒哈拉沙漠炎热干燥，“Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few plants live here”，可知很难有大量植物生长的原因是沙漠炎热干燥、生存条件差，对应选项D。A选项“强风刮走种子”、B选项“温差极大”、C选项“大量动物啃食植物”原文均未提及，排除。
3. 代词指代题：划线词They的前一句提到“only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds”，本句意为“它们也对动物的数量有影响”，结合逻辑可知They指代的是前文提到的沙漠里为数不多的植物，对应选项C。
4. 细节理解题：逐一比对选项：A选项，原文第三段明确提到“In the driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals”，可知我们能得知沙漠最干旱区域的动物物种数量，表述正确；B选项，原文仅提到沙漠覆盖11个非洲国家，没有给出这些国家的具体名称，排除；C选项，原文只提到了最热月份的温度，没有提及最冷月份的准确温度，排除；D选项，原文只提到了巨型沙丘的高度，没有说明沙丘形成的详细原因，排除。因此选A。
5. 主旨大意题：全文分别从面积、覆盖范围、地理地貌、气候、动植物、人口文化多个维度介绍撒哈拉沙漠的相关信息，对应选项D。A选项“将撒哈拉和其他沙漠对比”原文完全没有涉及，B选项“解释撒哈拉炎热干燥的原因”、C选项“描述撒哈拉居民的生活”都只是全文的局部内容，不能概括全文写作目的，排除。
【答案】
BDCAD
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，代词指代辨析，说明文主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础说明类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过原文直接定位得到答案，没有设置过多干扰项，非常适合锻炼学生快速查找文本信息的能力。解题时要注意不要加入自己的课外常识主观臆断，所有选项的判断依据都要从原文中找到对应支撑，做指代题时要遵循“就近指代”的原则，主旨题要注意覆盖全文所有段落的核心内容，不要被局部信息误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
