基础知识巩固
一、从方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式填空。
power thick pack tornado step
1. Look! The black clouds are forming in the sky.
2. According to the weather report, a is coming in three hours this afternoon.
3. When you leave the room, please turn off the in time to save energy.
4. Everyone outside and had a wonderful time on the streets after the rainstorm.
5. My mother begun to supplies that we might need during the typhoon.

一、1. thick 2. tornado 3. power
4. stepped 5. pack

【分析】
做这类选词并用正确形式填空的题目，首先第一步要先明确方框内所有备选单词的词义、词性：power（名词，电力/力量）、thick（形容词，厚的/浓密的）、pack（动词，打包/收拾）、tornado（名词，龙卷风）、step（动词，迈步/行走）。之后逐句分析句子结构，判断空格处需要的词性，结合语境筛选匹配的单词，再根据语法规则调整形式即可：比如遇到并列谓语要注意时态一致，遇到固定搭配要符合结构要求，就能顺利得出答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：看！天空中正在形成浓密的乌云。空格后是名词短语black clouds，需要用形容词修饰，thick表示“浓密的”，用来形容乌云符合语境，直接填thick。
2. 句意：根据天气预报，今天下午三小时后一场龙卷风即将来临。空格前是不定冠词a，需要接可数名词单数，结合天气预报的天气相关语境，tornado（龙卷风）完全匹配语义，填tornado。
3. 句意：当你离开房间时，请及时关掉电源节约能源。turn off the power是固定常用搭配，意为“关掉电源”，power此处表示电力，符合语境，填power。
4. 句意：暴风雨过后，所有人都走到外面，在街上玩得很开心。句中并列的谓语动词had是一般过去时，为了保持时态一致，动词step要变为一般过去式stepped，填stepped。
5. 句意：我妈妈开始收拾我们台风期间可能需要的物资。固定结构begin to do sth. 后面需要接动词原形，pack supplies意为“收拾/打包物资”，符合语境，填pack。
【答案】
1. thick 2. tornado 3. power 4. stepped 5. pack
【知识点】
形容词修饰名词，名词词义辨析，动词时态变形
【点评】
本题属于基础词汇巩固类题型，整体考察难度低，大部分空不需要复杂变形，仅第4题需要留意并列句的时态一致规则，能够帮助学生快速巩固本单元和灾害、日常动作相关的核心词汇的词义和常用搭配。
【难度系数】
0.9

二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. It was not easy for people to sleep ( sound ) at night when the earthquake hit a place.
2. The father told his sons that they ( hide ) from an angry lion when the tornado hit.
3. The heavy rain ( beat ) against the windows heavily at that time.
4. When we ( wait ) for the next train, a little boy started to cry suddenly.
5. When we woke up in the morning, we found the sun ( shine ).

二、1. soundly 2. were hiding 3. was beating
4. were waiting 5. shining

【分析】
做这类用所给词适当形式填空的题目，首先第一步要先分析空格在句子中充当的成分，判断所需的词性；第二步结合句中给出的时间标志、主从句的时态搭配规则，推导对应的正确词形。具体到这5道题：第1题空格修饰动词，要转成副词；剩下4道题大多涉及过去特定时间点下动作正在进行的场景，结合过去进行时的规则、find的特殊复合结构就能推导出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 空格位于动词sleep之后，需要用副词修饰动词，所给词sound的副词形式为soundly，sleep soundly意为“睡得安稳、酣睡”。
2. 句中时间状语"when the tornado hit"是过去的特定时间点，表达“龙卷风来袭时他们正躲避愤怒的狮子”，要用过去进行时，主语为they，对应结构为were hiding。
3. 时间标志"at that time"表示过去某一时刻动作正在发生，主语the heavy rain是单数不可数名词，过去进行时对应形式为was beating。
4. 句意为“当我们正在等下一班火车时，一个小男孩突然哭了”，主句动作是一般过去时，从句描述过去正在进行的动作，主语为we，对应过去进行时形式were waiting。
5. 此处使用find的复合结构find+宾语+现在分词作宾补，表达“发现某物正在做某事”，shine的现在分词形式为shining。
【答案】
1. soundly 2. were hiding 3. was beating 4. were waiting 5. shining
【知识点】
副词修饰动词，过去进行时，find复合结构
【点评】
本题是初中英语时态和词形转换的基础典型题，核心考察学生对过去进行时的适用场景、when引导时间状语从句的时态搭配规则的掌握，同时兼顾基础词性转换和特殊复合结构的考点，易错点是学生容易混淆一般过去时和过去进行时的使用场景，忽略动作的“正在进行”属性。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、根据要求完成下列各题。
1. We were having a meeting. The teacher came in. (用 while 合并句子)

2. My family were watching TV. The phone suddenly rang. (用 when 合并句子)

3. They were having dinner when the typhoon hit the city. (改为否定句)

4. The boy was sleeping when his mother left the bedroom. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—
—
5. We were driving home when the strong wind started. (对画线部分提问)

三、1. While we were having a meeting, the teacher
came in. 2. My family were watching TV
when the phone suddenly rang. 3. They
weren't having dinner when the typhoon hit the
city. 4.—Was the boy sleeping when his
mother left the bedroom? —No, he wasn't.
5. What were you doing when the strong wind
started?

【分析】
这道题整体考查过去进行时的相关句型转换和when/while引导的时间状语从句的用法，解题思路如下：
1. 第一题用while合并句子：首先明确while引导的时间状语从句，谓语必须是延续性动作，对应原句里“开会”这个延续性的过去进行时动作，把while放在这个从句开头，剩余的“老师进来”这个短暂性动作用作主句即可。
2. 第二题用when合并句子：when可以引导动作是短暂性的时间状语从句，对应原句里“电话突然响”这个短暂动作，直接把when放在这个从句前，接在描述延续性动作的主句后面即可。
3. 第三题改否定句：过去进行时的否定规则是直接在be动词（was/were）后加not，本句be动词是were，直接加not缩写为weren't，其余部分语序不变。
4. 第四题改一般疑问句并作否定回答：过去进行时变一般疑问句，直接把句中的be动词was提前到句首，其余部分语序调整为疑问语序；否定回答用No，主语+wasn't的结构即可。
5. 第五题对画线的过去正在做的动作提问：画线部分是过去进行时描述的动作，要用特殊疑问词What提问，替换动作部分后，把原句的第一人称we变为第二人称you，语序调整为疑问语序，剩余的时间状语保留即可。
【解析】
逐题推导步骤如下：
1. 将延续性动作"were having a meeting"放在while引导的从句中，剩余的短暂性动作内容作主句，合并得到正确句子。
2. 将短暂性动作"the phone suddenly rang"放在when引导的从句中，接在描述延续性动作的主句后，合并得到正确句子。
3. 过去进行时变否定，直接在be动词were后加not，缩写为weren't，其余内容语序不变，得到否定句。
4. 变一般疑问句时将be动词was提前到句首，其余成分顺序微调得到问句；按照过去进行时的否定回答规则给出对应答语。
5. 对过去正在执行的动作提问，用What were you doing替换画线部分，调整人称和语序后保留原时间状语，得到特殊疑问句。
【答案】
1. While we were having a meeting, the teacher came in.
2. My family were watching TV when the phone suddenly rang.
3. They weren't having dinner when the typhoon hit the city.
4.—Was the boy sleeping when his mother left the bedroom? —No, he wasn't.
5. What were you doing when the strong wind started?
【知识点】
过去进行时，时间状语从句，特殊疑问句
【点评】
本题围绕过去进行时的核心考点展开，覆盖了when/while的用法区分、肯定句变否定句、变一般疑问句、对动作提问等常见基础题型，难度较低，需要学生准确掌握过去进行时的结构变化规则，以及when和while引导时间状语从句时的动作属性差异，避免混淆二者的使用场景。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
On 12th May, 2008, a day that started like any other, a very strong earthquake suddenly struck Wenchuan, a quiet county in the mountains of Sichuan Province, China. It is remembered as one of the most powerful earthquakes in China's recent history.
The damage (破坏) was very serious. In less than a minute, the lives of millions of people changed completely. A large number of houses, schools, and roads were broken into pieces. In towns that were hit the hardest, like Beichuan and Yingxiu, almost all the buildings fell down. It was a very sad day for the whole country. Over 69,000 people lost their lives, and many were injured and lost their homes. The earthquake was so strong that it even caused mountains to fall and created new lakes, which were very unsafe.
However, in the face of this disaster, people showed their courage and kindness. Many soldiers, doctors, nurses, and volunteers came from all over China to the disaster areas. The soldiers moved heavy stones away to look for people in the fallen buildings day and night. They tried their best to save as many lives as possible. The medical workers set up temporary hospitals in the fields to care for the injured. Many kind people brought food, water, clothes and tents to the people who lost their homes.
The road to recovery (恢复) was long. But with the help of the people across the nation, the rebuilding of Wenchuan began. New and safer houses, modern schools, and hospitals were built over the following years.
Though people's life in Wenchuan has returned to normal, the memory of that difficult time remains. The people in Wenchuan will never forget the great courage they found in themselves. Most importantly, they will still remember how the love and help from others got them through that difficult time.
()1. How many people lost their lives in the Wenchuan earthquake?
A. Less than 6,000.
B. Less than 60,000.
C. More than 69,000.
D. More than 90,000.
()2. Why does the writer mention the soldiers' work in Paragraph 3?
A. To show they had modern tools for rescue work.
B. To show their efforts and courage to save lives.
C. To explain why many soldiers became tired and sick.
D. To suggest that the work was easy but took a long time.
()3. What does the underlined word "temporary" probably mean in the text?
A. Strong and safe.
B. Creating a new style.
C. Modern and clean.
D. Lasting for a short time.
()4. What is the text mainly about?
A. The history of natural disasters in China.
B. The dangers of living in mountain areas.
C. How new lakes are formed after earthquakes.
D. The Wenchuan earthquake and people's help.
()5. Where can we probably read the text?
A. In a news report.
B. In a novel.
C. In a school notice.
D. In a health magazine.

四、1—5 CBDDA

【分析】
这是一篇纪实类阅读理解，解题时可以先标记每道题干的核心关键词，带着关键词回原文精准定位对应内容：首先细节类题目直接找原文匹配的语句就能得到答案，词义猜测题要结合地震灾区的特殊场景推断单词含义，主旨题梳理全文的行文脉络排除无关选项，文章出处题结合文体特征判断即可，整体思路清晰可落地。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段原文"Over 69,000 people lost their lives, and many were injured and lost their homes."可知汶川地震遇难人数超过69000，对应C选项。
2. 推理判断题：第三段首句点明核心主旨“面对灾难人们展现出勇气和善意”，后续描述士兵昼夜搜救幸存者的内容，就是为了体现士兵为挽救生命付出的努力和展现的勇气，对应B选项。
3. 词义猜测题：地震突发的应急场景下，医疗工作者在野外搭建的医院是临时使用的，并非长期固定的，因此temporary的含义是“持续时间短的”，对应D选项。
4. 主旨大意题：全文依次介绍了汶川地震的发生、造成的严重破坏、全国各界的救援行动以及后续灾后重建，核心主题是汶川地震和人们提供的援助，对应D选项。
5. 文章出处题：本文是对汶川地震相关事件的客观纪实叙述，符合新闻报道的文体特征，最可能出现在新闻报道中，对应A选项。
【答案】
CBDDA
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，词义猜测，主旨大意判断
【点评】
本篇阅读话题贴近史实，难度适中，既考察学生快速抓取原文信息、结合上下文逻辑推理的基础阅读能力，也能引导学生了解汶川地震相关事件，体会灾难面前国人守望相助的精神。
【难度系数】
0.7