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B
Rivers have always been important for human civilizations. Two famous examples are the Nile River and the Yellow River.
The Nile River, the longest river in Africa (about 6,650 km), played a key role in ancient Egypt (埃及). It provided water for farming and transportation. Every year, it flooded, leaving rich soil for crops. This helped ancient Egyptians develop their civilization, building pyramids(金字塔) and creating a writing system.
The Yellow River, often called China's "Mother River", is 5,464 km long. It's the second longest river in China. Like the Nile River, it also flooded, bringing fertile earth. This allowed ancient Chinese to grow crops and develop their own civilization, with inventions like paper and gunpowder(火药).
Both rivers are not just long; they are symbols of human progress. Even today, they continue to support millions of people.
(
A. 5,464 km.
B. 6,650 km.
C. 8,848.86 m.
D. 4,340 km.
(
A. 贫瘠的
B. 肥沃的
C. 干燥的
D. 坚硬的
(
A. They are the longest rivers in their countries.
B. They never flooded in history.
C. They helped develop ancient civilizations.
D. They are located in the same continent.
(
A. Rivers are not important for modern life.
B. Only the Nile and Yellow River supported civilizations.
C. Floods were harmful to ancient Egypt and China.
D. Rivers are closely related to human development.
Rivers have always been important for human civilizations. Two famous examples are the Nile River and the Yellow River.
The Nile River, the longest river in Africa (about 6,650 km), played a key role in ancient Egypt (埃及). It provided water for farming and transportation. Every year, it flooded, leaving rich soil for crops. This helped ancient Egyptians develop their civilization, building pyramids(金字塔) and creating a writing system.
The Yellow River, often called China's "Mother River", is 5,464 km long. It's the second longest river in China. Like the Nile River, it also flooded, bringing fertile earth. This allowed ancient Chinese to grow crops and develop their own civilization, with inventions like paper and gunpowder(火药).
Both rivers are not just long; they are symbols of human progress. Even today, they continue to support millions of people.
(
B
)15. How long is the Nile River?A. 5,464 km.
B. 6,650 km.
C. 8,848.86 m.
D. 4,340 km.
(
B
)16. The underlined word "fertile" in paragraph 3 means in Chinese.A. 贫瘠的
B. 肥沃的
C. 干燥的
D. 坚硬的
(
C
)17. What do the Nile River and the Yellow River have in common?A. They are the longest rivers in their countries.
B. They never flooded in history.
C. They helped develop ancient civilizations.
D. They are located in the same continent.
(
D
)18. What can we infer from the passage?A. Rivers are not important for modern life.
B. Only the Nile and Yellow River supported civilizations.
C. Floods were harmful to ancient Egypt and China.
D. Rivers are closely related to human development.
答案
15.B 16.B 17.C 18.D
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍尼罗河和黄河对人类文明重要意义的说明文，解题时可以按照先读题干划关键词、再回原文定位对应信息的思路来完成：1. 第15题是细节查找题，直接定位原文提到尼罗河长度的语句就能得到答案；2. 第16题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的上下文逻辑，从“能支撑庄稼生长”的属性反推词义即可；3. 第17题是信息对比题，逐一核对每个选项和原文对两条河流的描述，排除错误表述就能找到共同点；4. 第18题是推理判断题，结合全文主旨排除和原文内容相悖的干扰项，就能选出符合逻辑的推断结果。
【解析】
15. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句"The Nile River, the longest river in Africa (about 6,650 km)"，可知尼罗河长度约为6650千米，A选项是黄河的长度，C选项是珠穆朗玛峰的高度，D选项为无关干扰数据，因此答案选B。
16. 词义猜测题：划线词fertile所在句提到黄河泛滥带来该属性的泥土，后文说明古代中国人依靠这些泥土种植庄稼，能支持作物生长的泥土必然是肥沃的，因此fertile的中文含义是“肥沃的”，答案选B。
17. 细节对比题：逐一分析选项：A选项，黄河是中国第二长河，并非中国最长的河流，该表述错误；B选项，原文明确提到两条河流历史上都会定期泛滥，该表述错误；C选项，尼罗河孕育了古埃及文明，黄河孕育了古中国文明，二者都助力了古代文明的发展，是共同点，表述正确；D选项，尼罗河位于非洲，黄河位于亚洲，不在同一大洲，该表述错误。因此答案选C。
18. 推理判断题：逐一分析选项：A选项，原文最后一段提到两条河流至今仍支撑数百万民众的生活，说明河流对现代生活同样重要，该表述错误；B选项，开篇仅以两条河流作为典型举例，并非说明只有这两条河流孕育了文明，该表述错误；C选项，原文提到河流泛滥会留下适宜作物生长的沃土，对古埃及和古中国是有益的，并非只有危害，该表述错误；D选项，全文讲述两条河流孕育古代文明、至今仍服务人类的内容，能推断出河流和人类发展紧密相关，表述正确。因此答案选D。
【答案】
15.B 16.B 17.C 18.D
【知识点】
细节定位 词义猜测 主旨推断
【点评】
本篇属于人文科普类基础阅读，考点都是初中英语阅读的常规题型，整体难度较低，只要学生能耐心回原文定位对应信息，结合上下文逻辑排除明显错误的干扰项，就可以顺利得分，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，适合作为基础阅读训练素材。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍尼罗河和黄河对人类文明重要意义的说明文，解题时可以按照先读题干划关键词、再回原文定位对应信息的思路来完成：1. 第15题是细节查找题，直接定位原文提到尼罗河长度的语句就能得到答案；2. 第16题是词义猜测题，结合划线词所在句的上下文逻辑，从“能支撑庄稼生长”的属性反推词义即可；3. 第17题是信息对比题，逐一核对每个选项和原文对两条河流的描述，排除错误表述就能找到共同点；4. 第18题是推理判断题，结合全文主旨排除和原文内容相悖的干扰项，就能选出符合逻辑的推断结果。
【解析】
15. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第一句"The Nile River, the longest river in Africa (about 6,650 km)"，可知尼罗河长度约为6650千米，A选项是黄河的长度，C选项是珠穆朗玛峰的高度，D选项为无关干扰数据，因此答案选B。
16. 词义猜测题：划线词fertile所在句提到黄河泛滥带来该属性的泥土，后文说明古代中国人依靠这些泥土种植庄稼，能支持作物生长的泥土必然是肥沃的，因此fertile的中文含义是“肥沃的”，答案选B。
17. 细节对比题：逐一分析选项：A选项，黄河是中国第二长河，并非中国最长的河流，该表述错误；B选项，原文明确提到两条河流历史上都会定期泛滥，该表述错误；C选项，尼罗河孕育了古埃及文明，黄河孕育了古中国文明，二者都助力了古代文明的发展，是共同点，表述正确；D选项，尼罗河位于非洲，黄河位于亚洲，不在同一大洲，该表述错误。因此答案选C。
18. 推理判断题：逐一分析选项：A选项，原文最后一段提到两条河流至今仍支撑数百万民众的生活，说明河流对现代生活同样重要，该表述错误；B选项，开篇仅以两条河流作为典型举例，并非说明只有这两条河流孕育了文明，该表述错误；C选项，原文提到河流泛滥会留下适宜作物生长的沃土，对古埃及和古中国是有益的，并非只有危害，该表述错误；D选项，全文讲述两条河流孕育古代文明、至今仍服务人类的内容，能推断出河流和人类发展紧密相关，表述正确。因此答案选D。
【答案】
15.B 16.B 17.C 18.D
【知识点】
细节定位 词义猜测 主旨推断
【点评】
本篇属于人文科普类基础阅读，考点都是初中英语阅读的常规题型，整体难度较低，只要学生能耐心回原文定位对应信息，结合上下文逻辑排除明显错误的干扰项，就可以顺利得分，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，适合作为基础阅读训练素材。
【难度系数】
0.8
