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(
—Sorry. She is very busy
A.at last
B.at present
C.at first
D.at most
B
)5.—Hello! May I speak to Ms Smith?—Sorry. She is very busy
at present
. Can she call you back later?A.at last
B.at present
C.at first
D.at most
答案
5. B 【点拨】at last 最后; at present 目前,现在; at first 起初; at most 至多。根据语境可知,空处表示“现在”,应用 at present。故选 B。
解析
【分析】
这是一道情景对话类的短语辨析题，解题思路非常清晰：第一步先通读完整对话梳理语境，这是典型的打电话场景，一方想要和史密斯女士通话，接电话的人表示歉意，说明对方很忙，还补充询问能不能稍后回电。第二步先明确四个选项对应的短语各自的含义，第三步把四个含义代入句子中匹配逻辑，既然提到了稍后回电，说明“忙碌”是当下正在发生的状态，对应符合该含义的选项就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 先梳理对话含义：
——你好！我可以和史密斯女士通话吗？
——抱歉，她________很忙，请问她稍后给你回电话可以吗？
2. 逐一辨析四个选项的短语词义：
A. at last 意为“最后、终于”
B. at present 意为“目前、现在”
C. at first 意为“起初、一开始”
D. at most 意为“至多、最多”
3. 结合后文“稍后回电”的提示，说明史密斯女士当下没有空闲接电话，正处于忙碌状态，只有at present完全符合语境逻辑。
【答案】B
【知识点】
1. 介词固定短语辨析
2. 电话情景交际
【点评】
本题属于基础题型，核心考察和at搭配的常见固定短语的词义识记，结合日常打电话的情景提示就能快速排除逻辑不通的选项，学生平时多积累常见介词固定搭配，结合上下文提示就能轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一道情景对话类的短语辨析题，解题思路非常清晰：第一步先通读完整对话梳理语境，这是典型的打电话场景，一方想要和史密斯女士通话，接电话的人表示歉意，说明对方很忙，还补充询问能不能稍后回电。第二步先明确四个选项对应的短语各自的含义，第三步把四个含义代入句子中匹配逻辑，既然提到了稍后回电，说明“忙碌”是当下正在发生的状态，对应符合该含义的选项就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 先梳理对话含义：
——你好！我可以和史密斯女士通话吗？
——抱歉，她________很忙，请问她稍后给你回电话可以吗？
2. 逐一辨析四个选项的短语词义：
A. at last 意为“最后、终于”
B. at present 意为“目前、现在”
C. at first 意为“起初、一开始”
D. at most 意为“至多、最多”
3. 结合后文“稍后回电”的提示，说明史密斯女士当下没有空闲接电话，正处于忙碌状态，只有at present完全符合语境逻辑。
【答案】B
【知识点】
1. 介词固定短语辨析
2. 电话情景交际
【点评】
本题属于基础题型，核心考察和at搭配的常见固定短语的词义识记，结合日常打电话的情景提示就能快速排除逻辑不通的选项，学生平时多积累常见介词固定搭配，结合上下文提示就能轻松选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
四、根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空。（2023·江苏宿迁改编）
young final train go to college be
Deng Qingming is one of the three Chinese astronauts carrying out China's Shenzhou-15 spaceship mission. He
Deng was born in a village in Jiangxi Province in 1966. As his parents both worked in the fields, he had to look after his
Deng
give long as wait take care of
For a long time, Deng served
Besides that, Deng's wife supported him a lot. She
After a long wait, he flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship in November 2022 at last. Twenty-five years was quite a long time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the nation needs him, he is always
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
young final train go to college be
Deng Qingming is one of the three Chinese astronauts carrying out China's Shenzhou-15 spaceship mission. He
finally
got the chance to go to space after nearly 25 years of preparation.Deng was born in a village in Jiangxi Province in 1966. As his parents both worked in the fields, he had to look after his
younger
brothers and sisters. At that time, his dream was to go to college
and find a job to support his family.Deng
has been
a member of the PLA Air Force (空军) since 1984. When he left his village that year, his friends came to say goodbye to him. He was deeply touched and decided to work hard. Years of hard training
made him an excellent pilot, and he was chosen as one of the first group of Chinese astronauts in 1998.give long as wait take care of
For a long time, Deng served
as
a backup (后备) astronaut. His road to space was longer
than that of his teammates. He spent almost all of his time preparing and waiting and he was given
the chance to travel to space in the end.Besides that, Deng's wife supported him a lot. She
took care of
the whole family and never complained. "You've set an example to our daughter and we are proud of you," she told him.After a long wait, he flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship in November 2022 at last. Twenty-five years was quite a long time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the nation needs him, he is always
waiting
there, ready to take on any challenge.1.
finally
2.
younger
3.
to go to college
4.
has been
5.
training
6.
as
7.
longer
8.
was given
9.
took care of
10.
waiting
答案
1. finally 2. younger 3. to go to college 4. has been 5. training 6. as 7. longer 8. was given 9. took care of 10. waiting
解析
【分析】
解题时首先通读全文，明确语篇是介绍航天员邓清明的奋斗事迹，把握整体叙事逻辑和以过去时态为主的叙事基调。接下来逐个分析每个空格的语法属性和语义需求：首先判断空格处需要的词性（副词、形容词、非谓语动词、谓语动词等），从备选词中匹配语义符合的选项，同时结合时态标志、固定搭配、比较级提示等完成词形转换；每选完一个词就标记已使用的备选词，避免重复选用；全部填完后通读全文，验证语义和语法是否通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰动词短语got the chance，需要副词作状语，将形容词final变为副词finally，句意为经过近25年准备他最终获得了进入太空的机会，故填finally。
2. 空格修饰名词brothers and sisters，结合语境是要照顾比自己年纪更小的弟妹，用形容词young的比较级younger，故填younger。
3. 空格位于be动词was后作表语，说明梦想的具体内容，用不定式结构to go to college，符合当时他想上学找工作养家的语境，故填to go to college。
4. 句中出现since 1984这个现在完成时的典型标志，主语Deng是第三人称单数，be动词的现在完成时形式为has been，故填has been。
5. 空格位于形容词hard之后，需要名词作中心语，将动词train变为名词training表示“训练”，句意为多年的艰苦训练让他成为优秀飞行员，故填training。
6. 固定搭配serve as表示“担任、作为”，符合他长期担任后备宇航员的语境，故填as。
7. 句中出现than表示比较级标志，要用形容词long的比较级longer，说明他通往太空的道路比队友更漫长，故填longer。
8. 主语he和give the chance是被动关系，且叙事发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was given，故填was given。
9. 结合语境妻子承担了照顾全家的责任，叙事为过去发生的事，短语take care of的过去式是took care of，故填took care of。
10. 固定搭配be always doing sth. 表示“始终一直做某事”，符合他随时等候国家召唤的语境，故填waiting。
【答案】
1. finally 2. younger 3. to go to college 4. has been 5. training 6. as 7. longer 8. was given 9. took care of 10. waiting
【知识点】
词形转换
动词时态与语态
固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题是中考典型的语篇选词填空题型，以航天员邓清明的真实事迹为载体，既考查学生对上下文语义逻辑的理解能力，又覆盖了副词变形、比较级、现在完成时、被动语态、非谓语等多个初中核心语法考点，易错点集中在被动语态的判断、现在完成时的时间标志识别上，能有效检验学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
解题时首先通读全文，明确语篇是介绍航天员邓清明的奋斗事迹，把握整体叙事逻辑和以过去时态为主的叙事基调。接下来逐个分析每个空格的语法属性和语义需求：首先判断空格处需要的词性（副词、形容词、非谓语动词、谓语动词等），从备选词中匹配语义符合的选项，同时结合时态标志、固定搭配、比较级提示等完成词形转换；每选完一个词就标记已使用的备选词，避免重复选用；全部填完后通读全文，验证语义和语法是否通顺合理。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰动词短语got the chance，需要副词作状语，将形容词final变为副词finally，句意为经过近25年准备他最终获得了进入太空的机会，故填finally。
2. 空格修饰名词brothers and sisters，结合语境是要照顾比自己年纪更小的弟妹，用形容词young的比较级younger，故填younger。
3. 空格位于be动词was后作表语，说明梦想的具体内容，用不定式结构to go to college，符合当时他想上学找工作养家的语境，故填to go to college。
4. 句中出现since 1984这个现在完成时的典型标志，主语Deng是第三人称单数，be动词的现在完成时形式为has been，故填has been。
5. 空格位于形容词hard之后，需要名词作中心语，将动词train变为名词training表示“训练”，句意为多年的艰苦训练让他成为优秀飞行员，故填training。
6. 固定搭配serve as表示“担任、作为”，符合他长期担任后备宇航员的语境，故填as。
7. 句中出现than表示比较级标志，要用形容词long的比较级longer，说明他通往太空的道路比队友更漫长，故填longer。
8. 主语he和give the chance是被动关系，且叙事发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was given，故填was given。
9. 结合语境妻子承担了照顾全家的责任，叙事为过去发生的事，短语take care of的过去式是took care of，故填took care of。
10. 固定搭配be always doing sth. 表示“始终一直做某事”，符合他随时等候国家召唤的语境，故填waiting。
【答案】
1. finally 2. younger 3. to go to college 4. has been 5. training 6. as 7. longer 8. was given 9. took care of 10. waiting
【知识点】
词形转换
动词时态与语态
固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题是中考典型的语篇选词填空题型，以航天员邓清明的真实事迹为载体，既考查学生对上下文语义逻辑的理解能力，又覆盖了副词变形、比较级、现在完成时、被动语态、非谓语等多个初中核心语法考点，易错点集中在被动语态的判断、现在完成时的时间标志识别上，能有效检验学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
五、任务型阅读。(2023·江苏淮安开明中学集团二模改编)
China's first female pilots for the J-11 B fighter jet (战斗机) have recently completed their first flight.
"We have proved that female pilots can do the same things as men, and we can operate heavy fighter jets," Yan Zhongyue, a 24-year-old girl, one of the five female pilots from Xi'an Flying College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force, told Global Times proudly.
The five female pilots, at an average (平均) age of 23, have had strict training and tests. During the flight, they flew and had to perform stunts to test their tactical (战术的) skills. Besides hard physical training and training of tactical skills in the air, the female pilots were taught how to team with other pilots to perform complex moves in battles.
Although female pilots are weak in physical strength compared with men, they have their own advantages. They're often more careful, patient, and better able to deal with stress.
"Flying these jets is not about arm wrestling (扳手腕). What matters most is decision-making and control of the jets," Yan said. "With stronger endurance (持久力) and tolerance (忍耐力), women would be better fitting for long-hour fighting."
回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How many female pilots have recently completed their flight?
2. How old is Yan Zhongyue?
3. Why did the female pilots have to perform stunts during the flight?
4. According to Yan, what is the most important to flying fighter jets?
5. What is the proper title for the passage?
China's first female pilots for the J-11 B fighter jet (战斗机) have recently completed their first flight.
"We have proved that female pilots can do the same things as men, and we can operate heavy fighter jets," Yan Zhongyue, a 24-year-old girl, one of the five female pilots from Xi'an Flying College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force, told Global Times proudly.
The five female pilots, at an average (平均) age of 23, have had strict training and tests. During the flight, they flew and had to perform stunts to test their tactical (战术的) skills. Besides hard physical training and training of tactical skills in the air, the female pilots were taught how to team with other pilots to perform complex moves in battles.
Although female pilots are weak in physical strength compared with men, they have their own advantages. They're often more careful, patient, and better able to deal with stress.
"Flying these jets is not about arm wrestling (扳手腕). What matters most is decision-making and control of the jets," Yan said. "With stronger endurance (持久力) and tolerance (忍耐力), women would be better fitting for long-hour fighting."
回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。
1. How many female pilots have recently completed their flight?
Five.
2. How old is Yan Zhongyue?
Twenty-four years old.
3. Why did the female pilots have to perform stunts during the flight?
To test their tactical skills.
4. According to Yan, what is the most important to flying fighter jets?
Decision-making and control of the jets.
5. What is the proper title for the passage?
Female Pilots
答案
1. Five.
2. Twenty-four years old.
3. To test their tactical skills.
4. Decision-making and control of the jets.
5. Female Pilots
2. Twenty-four years old.
3. To test their tactical skills.
4. Decision-making and control of the jets.
5. Female Pilots
解析
【分析】
这道是限定字数的任务型阅读题，解题思路很清晰：首先通读题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回原文精准定位对应语句，提取符合要求的信息，同时严格遵守每题答案不超过6个词的规则，最后核对信息和字数是否合规：第1题抓关键词How many找人数，第2题抓How old找年龄，第3题抓perform stunts找目的，第4题抓the most important找核心要素，第5题梳理全文核心内容提炼合适标题。
【解析】
1. 回原文第二段定位到"one of the five female pilots from Xi'an Flying College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force"，可知共有5名女飞行员完成了首飞，直接提取对应数字即可。
2. 回原文第二段定位到"Yan Zhongyue, a 24-year-old girl"，直接提取对应的年龄信息即可。
3. 回原文第三段定位到"During the flight, they flew and had to perform stunts to test their tactical skills"，句中不定式结构直接说明了做特技的目的，提取该目的内容即可。
4. 回原文最后一段定位到"What matters most is decision-making and control of the jets"，"matters most"和题干的"the most important"表意一致，直接提取对应内容即可。
5. 全文围绕我国首批歼-11B战斗机女飞行员展开叙述，核心主体是女飞行员，提炼出简洁符合要求的标题即可。
【答案】
1. Five.
2. Twenty-four years old.
3. To test their tactical skills.
4. Decision-making and control of the jets.
5. Female Pilots
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，仅需要注意严格遵守题干要求的答案不超过6个词的限制，最后一道主旨题只需要抓住全文核心叙述对象就能轻松得出正确答案，主要考察学生快速查找文本信息的基础阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
这道是限定字数的任务型阅读题，解题思路很清晰：首先通读题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回原文精准定位对应语句，提取符合要求的信息，同时严格遵守每题答案不超过6个词的规则，最后核对信息和字数是否合规：第1题抓关键词How many找人数，第2题抓How old找年龄，第3题抓perform stunts找目的，第4题抓the most important找核心要素，第5题梳理全文核心内容提炼合适标题。
【解析】
1. 回原文第二段定位到"one of the five female pilots from Xi'an Flying College of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force"，可知共有5名女飞行员完成了首飞，直接提取对应数字即可。
2. 回原文第二段定位到"Yan Zhongyue, a 24-year-old girl"，直接提取对应的年龄信息即可。
3. 回原文第三段定位到"During the flight, they flew and had to perform stunts to test their tactical skills"，句中不定式结构直接说明了做特技的目的，提取该目的内容即可。
4. 回原文最后一段定位到"What matters most is decision-making and control of the jets"，"matters most"和题干的"the most important"表意一致，直接提取对应内容即可。
5. 全文围绕我国首批歼-11B战斗机女飞行员展开叙述，核心主体是女飞行员，提炼出简洁符合要求的标题即可。
【答案】
1. Five.
2. Twenty-four years old.
3. To test their tactical skills.
4. Decision-making and control of the jets.
5. Female Pilots
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题整体难度偏低，绝大多数答案都可以直接从原文中定位获取，仅需要注意严格遵守题干要求的答案不超过6个词的限制，最后一道主旨题只需要抓住全文核心叙述对象就能轻松得出正确答案，主要考察学生快速查找文本信息的基础阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
