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一、阅读理解。
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
The earth is getting hotter. The ice on high mountains is melting. What can we do to make it melt more slowly? Here are some ways.
▲
In Switzerland, scientists from an organization called Glaciers Alive find a way. They make man-made snow. In winter, they take water from a small mountain lake. The water runs through pipes. There are shower heads on the pipes. The water comes out of the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.
Covering Ice with Cloth
In the 1990s, people in Switzerland did omething interesting. They put some kind of heavy white cloth on the snow in ski areas. The cloth is white. White color can send back the sunlight. This keeps the ice cold. The cloth is made of wool. When it rains, water can go through the wool and turn into ice again.
Painting Rocks White
Farmers in the Andes Mountains also have a good idea. At places more than 5,000 meters high, they paint rocks white. They make the "paint" with water, sand and soap.
The soap helps it stay on the rocks. After painting, the white rocks become much cooler. They are 16℃ cooler than dark rocks.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
A. An Organization Called Glaciers Alive
B. Creating Snow
C. Help from Switzerland
D. The Melt of Ice
(
A. Keeping the ice warm.
B. Slowing down the melt of the ice.
C. Making the mountain more beautiful.
D. Replacing the ice.
(
A. Because white makes the paint and cloth seem clean.
B. Because white is different from the color of the mountain.
C. Because the white color can make the ice cooler.
D. Because the white color can make people feel peaceful.
(
A. The white paint.
B. Water.
C. Sand.
D. The white rock.
(
A. Sports News
B. Travel Life
C. Health Care
D. Environmental Science
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
The earth is getting hotter. The ice on high mountains is melting. What can we do to make it melt more slowly? Here are some ways.
▲
In Switzerland, scientists from an organization called Glaciers Alive find a way. They make man-made snow. In winter, they take water from a small mountain lake. The water runs through pipes. There are shower heads on the pipes. The water comes out of the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.
Covering Ice with Cloth
In the 1990s, people in Switzerland did omething interesting. They put some kind of heavy white cloth on the snow in ski areas. The cloth is white. White color can send back the sunlight. This keeps the ice cold. The cloth is made of wool. When it rains, water can go through the wool and turn into ice again.
Painting Rocks White
Farmers in the Andes Mountains also have a good idea. At places more than 5,000 meters high, they paint rocks white. They make the "paint" with water, sand and soap.
The soap helps it stay on the rocks. After painting, the white rocks become much cooler. They are 16℃ cooler than dark rocks.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(
B
)1. Which of the following can be put in ▲?A. An Organization Called Glaciers Alive
B. Creating Snow
C. Help from Switzerland
D. The Melt of Ice
(
B
)2. What do people in Switzerland use the cloth in paragraph 3 for?A. Keeping the ice warm.
B. Slowing down the melt of the ice.
C. Making the mountain more beautiful.
D. Replacing the ice.
(
C
)3. Why are the paint and cloth white according to the text?A. Because white makes the paint and cloth seem clean.
B. Because white is different from the color of the mountain.
C. Because the white color can make the ice cooler.
D. Because the white color can make people feel peaceful.
(
A
)4. What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 4 refer to?A. The white paint.
B. Water.
C. Sand.
D. The white rock.
(
D
)5. In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text?A. Sports News
B. Travel Life
C. Health Care
D. Environmental Science
答案
A
1. B 第二段内容是关于制造雪的。故选B。
2. B 由第三段可知,白布的目的是减缓冰的融化。故选B。
3. C
4. A 结合语境,用材料制作paint,肥皂帮助它留在岩石上,it指代前文的paint,故选A。
5. D 文章围绕减缓冰川融化的环保措施展开,属于环境科学范畴。故选D。
1. B 第二段内容是关于制造雪的。故选B。
2. B 由第三段可知,白布的目的是减缓冰的融化。故选B。
3. C
4. A 结合语境,用材料制作paint,肥皂帮助它留在岩石上,it指代前文的paint,故选A。
5. D 文章围绕减缓冰川融化的环保措施展开,属于环境科学范畴。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍三种减缓高山冰川融化的实用方法，再带着每道题的问题回原文定位对应段落找解题线索：
1. 第1题是选段落小标题，直接看空缺后第二段的内容，核心描述瑞士科学家通过管道喷水制造人工雪的操作，提炼核心动作匹配选项即可；
2. 第2题定位第三段关于白布的描述，结合全文开篇提出的“让冰川融化变慢”的总目的，找到白布的作用匹配选项；
3. 第3题找白色布料和白色涂料的共同作用，回原文提取两处关于白色功能的描述匹配选项；
4. 第4题是代词指代题，按照代词指代“前文就近提到的核心事物”的规则，往前追溯it指代的对象即可；
5. 第5题判断文章出处，结合全文的主题属性，匹配报纸不同板块的定位选出答案。
【解析】
1. 空缺处是第二段的小标题，第二段全部内容都在介绍瑞士科学家制造人工雪的相关操作，核心主题是造雪，对应选项B。
2. 第三段提到白色布料可以反射阳光，保持冰的低温，结合全文开篇提出的要减缓冰川融化的总目标，可知使用白布的目的是减缓冰的融化，对应选项B。
3. 文中明确提到白色布料可以反射阳光保持冰冷，涂成白色的岩石比深色岩石温度低16℃，可知白色的作用是让冰/岩石更凉，从而减缓融化，对应选项C。
4. 划线it所在句的前一句提到“他们用水、沙子和肥皂制作这种涂料”，本句说明肥皂帮助它留在岩石上，可知it指代的是前面提到的白色涂料，对应选项A。
5. 全文围绕应对全球变暖、减缓冰川融化的环保相关技术方法展开，属于环境科学的内容，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，代词指代判断，文章出处推理
【点评】
这篇阅读主题贴近当下环保热点，题目设置以细节题为主，难度梯度平缓，大部分题目都可以通过回原文定位直接找到答案，只有小标题选择和出处推理需要结合段落主旨和文章整体主题判断，适合中等水平的学生练习说明文类阅读的信息定位能力。
【难度系数】
0.75
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时首先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍三种减缓高山冰川融化的实用方法，再带着每道题的问题回原文定位对应段落找解题线索：
1. 第1题是选段落小标题，直接看空缺后第二段的内容，核心描述瑞士科学家通过管道喷水制造人工雪的操作，提炼核心动作匹配选项即可；
2. 第2题定位第三段关于白布的描述，结合全文开篇提出的“让冰川融化变慢”的总目的，找到白布的作用匹配选项；
3. 第3题找白色布料和白色涂料的共同作用，回原文提取两处关于白色功能的描述匹配选项；
4. 第4题是代词指代题，按照代词指代“前文就近提到的核心事物”的规则，往前追溯it指代的对象即可；
5. 第5题判断文章出处，结合全文的主题属性，匹配报纸不同板块的定位选出答案。
【解析】
1. 空缺处是第二段的小标题，第二段全部内容都在介绍瑞士科学家制造人工雪的相关操作，核心主题是造雪，对应选项B。
2. 第三段提到白色布料可以反射阳光，保持冰的低温，结合全文开篇提出的要减缓冰川融化的总目标，可知使用白布的目的是减缓冰的融化，对应选项B。
3. 文中明确提到白色布料可以反射阳光保持冰冷，涂成白色的岩石比深色岩石温度低16℃，可知白色的作用是让冰/岩石更凉，从而减缓融化，对应选项C。
4. 划线it所在句的前一句提到“他们用水、沙子和肥皂制作这种涂料”，本句说明肥皂帮助它留在岩石上，可知it指代的是前面提到的白色涂料，对应选项A。
5. 全文围绕应对全球变暖、减缓冰川融化的环保相关技术方法展开，属于环境科学的内容，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
【知识点】
阅读细节查找，代词指代判断，文章出处推理
【点评】
这篇阅读主题贴近当下环保热点，题目设置以细节题为主，难度梯度平缓，大部分题目都可以通过回原文定位直接找到答案，只有小标题选择和出处推理需要结合段落主旨和文章整体主题判断，适合中等水平的学生练习说明文类阅读的信息定位能力。
【难度系数】
0.75
