C
| break | down | find | look at | know |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Mr Shute came back to his hometown. Few people 1 him. And when he stopped near a low, 2 house, he saw an old woman sitting in the sun. She closed her eyes and didn't find there was a man 3 her carefully. "Aunt," Mr Shute called out, "Aunt!"
The old woman didn't believe her nephew(侄子) had come to see her. Tears ran 4 her face. Thirty years! As a little boy in the small village, he was always hungry and had little food to eat. So he went to the city 5 a job. He didn't come back after that.
| many | forget | repair | week | at the school gate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Now he couldn't see his parents any 6. Mr Shute had only a two 7 holiday. He asked some neighbours 8 the old house.
He saw some of his friends and one morning he went to the school. He never 9 his first teacher who often helped him when he got into trouble.
"Can I see Mr North, sir?" he asked the old man 10. "Oh, sorry, you can't," answered the man. "But why? What happened to him?" "He died(去世) two years ago!"
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. knew 2. broken 3. looking at 4. down 5. to find
6. more 7. weeks' 8. to repair 9. forgot
10. at the school gate

【分析】
这是一篇故事类语篇选词填空题，解题思路分三步：第一步先通读全文，梳理故事主线：Shute先生年少时离开家乡去城市打拼，阔别三十年后返乡，探望亲人、修缮老屋、想要拜访启蒙老师的经历，明确全文整体时态为一般过去时。第二步先整理给出的两栏备选词汇，逐个标注词性和常用变形规则，再逐个分析每个空格的句子成分、所需词性、对应的固定搭配，同时注意部分词汇需要根据语境变换形式，比如动词变过去式、现在分词、不定式，名词变复数所有格等。第三步把选好的答案代入全文通读，检查逻辑和语法是否通顺，确认所有备选词都合理使用。
【解析】
我们逐个推导每个空格的正确形式：
1. 句意：几乎没有人认识他。全文描述过去发生的事，时态为一般过去时，备选词know的过去式为knew，符合语境。
2. 句意：当他在一栋低矮破旧的房子旁边停下时。空格需要形容词修饰名词house，备选词break的形容词形式broken表示“破损的、破旧的”，符合语境。
3. 句意：她闭着眼睛，没有发现有一个男人正仔细看着她。此处是固定结构there be sb doing sth，表示“某人正在做某事”，备选词look at变为looking at，符合语境。
4. 句意：眼泪顺着她的脸流了下来。固定搭配run down表示“沿着……流下”，填入副词down符合语义。
5. 句意：所以他去城里找一份工作。此处用不定式作目的状语，体现去城市的目的是找工作，备选词find变为to find符合语法和语境。
6. 句意：现在他再也见不到他的父母了。固定搭配not...any more表示“不再”，填入more符合固定短语要求。
7. 句意：Shute先生只有两周的假期。two后面接可数名词week的复数形式weeks，此处表示“两周的”，需要用名词所有格，即weeks'，修饰后面的名词holiday。
8. 句意：他请一些邻居修缮那栋老房子。固定搭配ask sb to do sth表示“请某人做某事”，备选词repair变为to repair符合结构要求。
9. 句意：他从来没有忘记那位在他陷入困境时经常帮助他的启蒙老师。全文为一般过去时，备选词forget的过去式为forgot，符合语境。
10. 句意：他在校门口向一位老人询问。此处缺少地点状语，备选的地点短语at the school gate表示“在校门口”，符合上下文他去学校的场景。
【答案】
1. knew 2. broken 3. looking at 4. down 5. to find
6. more 7. weeks' 8. to repair 9. forgot 10. at the school gate
【知识点】
动词时态变形、固定短语搭配、名词所有格
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础语篇选词填空，既考察学生对故事语境的整体理解能力，也考察常见的非谓语动词、动词过去式、名词所有格等基础词形变换规则，其中两周的所有格weeks'是高频易错点，不少学生容易写错复数或者所有格的撇号位置，整体侧重对基础词法和常用搭配的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.6

D
| think | live | still | at night | breath |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Is there life on Mars? We 1 do not know. According to scientific data, we are sure that people cannot live on Mars. People on the earth need much oxygen 2, but there is almost no oxygen on Mars.
3 on Mars would be like living on a very high mountain. There would be little air. It might be 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero 4.
In the past, many people 5 there could be plants on Mars. We now know that Mars has very little carbon(碳). Carbon is a kind of material found in all plants and animals on the earth.
| work | season | have to | through | place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
6 a telescope(望远镜), Mars looks red. In some 7, it seems grey. Sometimes the colour grey turns grey - green, then brown, and then grey again. People once thought this suggested that plants changed colours with 8.
Today we know that the colour red comes from the fine dust of iron on the planet. Scientists are still 9 to explain the changing colours. Will man go to Mars one day? If they do, they 10 take along their own oxygen, food, clothes, and something to sleep in.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. still 2. to breathe 3. Living 4. at night 5. thought
6. Through 7. places 8. seasons 9. working
10. will have to

【分析】
这是一篇科普类的选词填空题，解题思路分三步：第一步先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍火星的环境以及人类对火星的探索认知，同时把题干给出的两栏备选词汇全部浏览一遍，明确每个词的词义；第二步逐空结合上下文语义、句子语法结构筛选匹配词义的词汇，同时注意根据时态、非谓语、名词单复数、主谓一致等规则对选出的词做正确的形式变形；第三步把填完的答案代入全文通读校验，确保语义通顺、语法无误。
【解析】
1. 句意：火星上有生命吗？我们仍然不知道。备选词still意为“仍然”，契合语境，直接填still。
2. 句意：地球上的人类需要大量氧气来呼吸。此处用不定式作目的状语，把名词breath变为动词不定式形式to breathe，体现需要氧气的用途。
3. 句意：住在火星上就像住在一座非常高的山上。此处需要句子的主语，要用动名词形式，把动词live变为Living，句首首字母大写。
4. 句意：中午气温可能达到零上50度，晚上则是零下100度。前文提到了noon（中午）的温度，对应时间短语at night表示“在夜晚”，和前文时间形成对应。
5. 句意：过去，很多人认为火星上可能有植物。时间状语In the past表示过去的时间，动词think要变为一般过去式thought。
6. 句意：通过望远镜看，火星是红色的。介词through表示“透过、通过（物体内部）”，句首首字母大写，填Through。
7. 句意：在一些地方，它看起来是灰色的。some后面接可数名词复数，place变为复数形式places。
8. 句意：人们曾经认为这表明植物会随着季节变换颜色。此处表示多个季节，season要变为复数seasons。
9. 句意：科学家们仍在努力解释这种颜色变化。本句是现在进行时，结构为be+doing，work变为现在分词working。
10. 句意：如果人类去火星，他们将不得不带上自己的氧气、食物、衣服和睡觉的设备。本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则，主句用一般将来时，因此填will have to。
【答案】
1. still 2. to breathe 3. Living 4. at night 5. thought
6. Through 7. places 8. seasons 9. working 10. will have to
【知识点】
词形变换 动名词作主语 条件状语从句
【点评】
本题围绕火星科普主题设题，既考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力，也重点考查了动词不定式、动名词、时态、名词单复数等初中英语核心语法点，容易出错的点是忘记对选出的词汇做正确的形式变形，解题时要注意不能直接照搬备选词原形，要结合句子语法要求调整形式。
【难度系数】
0.6