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四、(原版外刊)阅读理解。
关于金枪鱼的趣事
Tuna are amazing sea creatures(生物) with many surprising facts. When the water is warmer than 20℃, adult tuna lay millions of eggs and let baby tuna into the ocean.
Life is not easy for baby tuna. Most of the tiny baby fish get eaten by bigger animals. Some young tuna even eat each other! Only 1 out of 30 million baby tuna grows up to be an adult. It takes them four to five years to become mature(成熟的) enough to have their own babies. This tells us how important it is to protect tuna that can reproduce(繁殖).
Spawning is very tiring for tuna. They can lose 20 to 40 kilograms during this time. After spawning, they need to eat fatty food to get strong again. Every year, some recorded tuna swim from the Mediterranean Sea(地中海) to the Oresund. They go there for a big "meal" with lots of food.
Scientists like Jeppesen and Katrine Larsen study tuna. They once saw 300 tuna in one evening—the sea looked like it was boiling! They record when and where they see tuna using their phones. Larsen wants to do a research project on tuna's living habits. Marine biologists(海洋生物学家) still don't know much about tuna, but that's what makes studying them so exciting.
(素材选自 Reader's Digest India)
1. When do adult tuna lay millions of eggs?
A. When the water is colder than 20℃.
B. When the water is warmer than 20℃.
C. After swimming in the Mediterranean Sea.
D. After eating fatty food.
2. Why is it important to protect tuna that can reproduce?
A. Because they are the biggest sea creatures.
B. Because very few baby tuna can grow into adults.
C. Because they lose much weight when spawning.
D. Because scientists want to study their living habits.
3. What does the word "Spawning" probably mean in the passage?
A. Looking for food.
B. Laying eggs.
C. Moving to another place.
D. Growing up.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How scientists study tuna in the ocean.
B. Why tuna need to eat fatty food after spawning.
C. Some interesting facts about tuna's life and research on them.
D. How tuna swim from the Mediterranean Sea to the Oresund.
关于金枪鱼的趣事
Tuna are amazing sea creatures(生物) with many surprising facts. When the water is warmer than 20℃, adult tuna lay millions of eggs and let baby tuna into the ocean.
Life is not easy for baby tuna. Most of the tiny baby fish get eaten by bigger animals. Some young tuna even eat each other! Only 1 out of 30 million baby tuna grows up to be an adult. It takes them four to five years to become mature(成熟的) enough to have their own babies. This tells us how important it is to protect tuna that can reproduce(繁殖).
Spawning is very tiring for tuna. They can lose 20 to 40 kilograms during this time. After spawning, they need to eat fatty food to get strong again. Every year, some recorded tuna swim from the Mediterranean Sea(地中海) to the Oresund. They go there for a big "meal" with lots of food.
Scientists like Jeppesen and Katrine Larsen study tuna. They once saw 300 tuna in one evening—the sea looked like it was boiling! They record when and where they see tuna using their phones. Larsen wants to do a research project on tuna's living habits. Marine biologists(海洋生物学家) still don't know much about tuna, but that's what makes studying them so exciting.
(素材选自 Reader's Digest India)
1. When do adult tuna lay millions of eggs?
A. When the water is colder than 20℃.
B. When the water is warmer than 20℃.
C. After swimming in the Mediterranean Sea.
D. After eating fatty food.
2. Why is it important to protect tuna that can reproduce?
A. Because they are the biggest sea creatures.
B. Because very few baby tuna can grow into adults.
C. Because they lose much weight when spawning.
D. Because scientists want to study their living habits.
3. What does the word "Spawning" probably mean in the passage?
A. Looking for food.
B. Laying eggs.
C. Moving to another place.
D. Growing up.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How scientists study tuna in the ocean.
B. Why tuna need to eat fatty food after spawning.
C. Some interesting facts about tuna's life and research on them.
D. How tuna swim from the Mediterranean Sea to the Oresund.
答案
1~4. BBBC
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍金枪鱼相关知识的科普类阅读理解，解题时可以按照先标记题干关键词、再回原文定位对应内容的思路推进：
1. 第一题提取关键词adult tuna lay millions of eggs，直接回到文章开头第一段就能找到对应的时间描述；
2. 第二题提取关键词protect tuna that can reproduce，定位到第二段末尾，往前梳理前文的逻辑铺垫，就能找到对应的原因；
3. 第三题词义猜测题，结合上下文的前后逻辑，前文一直在讲金枪鱼繁殖产卵的相关内容，后文提到该过程金枪鱼会大幅减重，很容易推断出单词含义；
4. 第四题主旨大意题，要排除只覆盖单个段落的片面选项，选出能概括全文所有板块内容的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"When the water is warmer than 20℃, adult tuna lay millions of eggs and let baby tuna into the ocean."可知成年金枪鱼在水温高于20℃时产下数百万枚卵，对应选项B；A选项和原文描述完全相反，C、D选项的事件都发生在产卵之后，不符合题意。
2. 细节理解题：原文第二段提到"Only 1 out of 30 million baby tuna grows up to be an adult. It takes them four to five years to become mature enough to have their own babies. This tells us how important it is to protect tuna that can reproduce."，句中的指示代词This指代的就是前文幼金枪鱼存活率极低的事实，对应选项B；A选项原文没有相关表述，C、D都不是保护可繁殖金枪鱼的核心原因。
3. 词义猜测题：前文一直在介绍金枪鱼产卵繁殖的相关内容，后文提到这个过程金枪鱼会减重20到40公斤，结束后需要吃高脂食物恢复体力，完全符合鱼类产卵的特征，所以Spawning的含义是产卵，对应选项B，其余选项的找食物、迁徙、长大都不符合上下文逻辑。
4. 主旨大意题：全文分别介绍了金枪鱼产卵的条件、幼鱼的低存活率、产卵后的习性，还有科学家对金枪鱼的相关研究，对应选项C；A只覆盖最后一段科学家研究的内容，B只覆盖第三段的局部内容，D只覆盖第三段金枪鱼洄游觅食的局部内容，都属于以偏概全，不能概括全文主旨。
【答案】
1~4. BBBC
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，词义猜测，主旨大意把握
【点评】
这是一篇外刊改编的科普类阅读理解，整体难度偏低，大部分题目都可以通过直接回原文定位得到答案，易错点集中在最后一道主旨题，要注意不要误选只描述局部段落内容的片面选项，综合全文所有板块的内容判断即可。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍金枪鱼相关知识的科普类阅读理解，解题时可以按照先标记题干关键词、再回原文定位对应内容的思路推进：
1. 第一题提取关键词adult tuna lay millions of eggs，直接回到文章开头第一段就能找到对应的时间描述；
2. 第二题提取关键词protect tuna that can reproduce，定位到第二段末尾，往前梳理前文的逻辑铺垫，就能找到对应的原因；
3. 第三题词义猜测题，结合上下文的前后逻辑，前文一直在讲金枪鱼繁殖产卵的相关内容，后文提到该过程金枪鱼会大幅减重，很容易推断出单词含义；
4. 第四题主旨大意题，要排除只覆盖单个段落的片面选项，选出能概括全文所有板块内容的选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段"When the water is warmer than 20℃, adult tuna lay millions of eggs and let baby tuna into the ocean."可知成年金枪鱼在水温高于20℃时产下数百万枚卵，对应选项B；A选项和原文描述完全相反，C、D选项的事件都发生在产卵之后，不符合题意。
2. 细节理解题：原文第二段提到"Only 1 out of 30 million baby tuna grows up to be an adult. It takes them four to five years to become mature enough to have their own babies. This tells us how important it is to protect tuna that can reproduce."，句中的指示代词This指代的就是前文幼金枪鱼存活率极低的事实，对应选项B；A选项原文没有相关表述，C、D都不是保护可繁殖金枪鱼的核心原因。
3. 词义猜测题：前文一直在介绍金枪鱼产卵繁殖的相关内容，后文提到这个过程金枪鱼会减重20到40公斤，结束后需要吃高脂食物恢复体力，完全符合鱼类产卵的特征，所以Spawning的含义是产卵，对应选项B，其余选项的找食物、迁徙、长大都不符合上下文逻辑。
4. 主旨大意题：全文分别介绍了金枪鱼产卵的条件、幼鱼的低存活率、产卵后的习性，还有科学家对金枪鱼的相关研究，对应选项C；A只覆盖最后一段科学家研究的内容，B只覆盖第三段的局部内容，D只覆盖第三段金枪鱼洄游觅食的局部内容，都属于以偏概全，不能概括全文主旨。
【答案】
1~4. BBBC
【知识点】
阅读细节定位，词义猜测，主旨大意把握
【点评】
这是一篇外刊改编的科普类阅读理解，整体难度偏低，大部分题目都可以通过直接回原文定位得到答案，易错点集中在最后一道主旨题，要注意不要误选只描述局部段落内容的片面选项，综合全文所有板块的内容判断即可。
【难度系数】
0.7
