一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
1. The Mars rover is （操作）by scientists from a control centre on Earth.
2. A famous astronaut （出版）a book about his life in space last month.
3. The Hubble Space （望远镜）has sent back amazing images of distant galaxies.
4. The （测绘）of the lunar surface helped scientists choose the best landing site.
5. The control room was （拥挤）with engineers and scientists on the night of the launch.
6. Different space agencies often （合作；协作）on international projects like the ISS.

1. operated 2. published 3. Telescope 4. survey 5. crowded 6. cooperate

【分析】本题为根据汉语提示填写单词的正确形式，需结合句子的语法结构（如语态、时态、词性）、固定搭配及专有名词规则来确定单词的正确形式，需关注每个句子的语境和语法要求，选择匹配的单词形式。
【解析】1. 句意：火星探测器由地球上控制中心的科学家操作。此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，动词operate的过去分词为operated，故填operated。
2. 句意：一位著名宇航员上个月出版了一本关于他太空生活的书。由时间状语last month可知，句子为一般过去时，动词publish的过去式为published，故填published。
3. 句意：哈勃太空望远镜发回了遥远星系的惊人图像。此处为专有名词，首字母需大写，“望远镜”对应单词telescope，故填Telescope。
4. 句意：月球表面的测绘帮助科学家选择最佳着陆点。此处需名词作主语，“测绘”对应名词survey，故填survey。
5. 句意：发射当晚控制室挤满了工程师和科学家。固定搭配be crowded with表示“挤满”，故填crowded。
6. 句意：不同的航天机构经常在像国际空间站这样的国际项目上合作。由often可知，句子为一般现在时，主语Different space agencies为复数，动词用原形，“合作”对应cooperate，故填cooperate。
【答案】1. operated 2. published 3. Telescope 4. survey 5. crowded 6. cooperate
【知识点】动词时态语态、名词用法、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的正确运用，涉及被动语态、一般过去时、专有名词、固定搭配等知识点，难度适中，主要检验学生对核心词汇的掌握及基本语法的运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Many people hope (visit) the moon in their lifetime.
2. The museum was so (crowd) that we could hardly move.
3. Some new (spaceship) are being built for the mission to Jupiter.
4. How many (astronaut) can live on the space station at one time?
5. Before the launch, everything has to (check) carefully by the engineers.
6. It must be hard (sleep) when you are weightless.
7. Some astronauts (come) to the space station next month.
8. If you want to be an astronaut, you must study (hard) than before.

1. to visit 2. crowded 3. spaceships 4. astronauts 5. be checked 6. to sleep 7. will come 8. harder

【分析】
本题为英语单词适当形式填空题，需结合固定搭配、语法规则逐一分析：1. 考查hope的固定搭配，需用动词不定式；2. 考查so+形容词结构，be动词后用形容词；3. some修饰可数名词复数，需变复数；4. how many后接可数名词复数；5. 考查被动语态，主语是动作承受者；6. 考查it作形式主语的固定句型，用动词不定式；7. next month表将来，用一般将来时；8. than是比较级标志，用形容词比较级。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配hope to do sth，意为“希望做某事”，故填to visit；
2. so后接形容词构成so...that...结构，crowd的形容词为crowded，故填crowded；
3. some后接可数名词复数，spaceship的复数是spaceships，故填spaceships；
4. how many后接可数名词复数，astronaut的复数是astronauts，故填astronauts；
5. 主语everything是check的承受者，has to后接动词原形，故用被动结构be checked；
6. 固定句型it is + adj + to do sth，意为“做某事是……的”，故填to sleep；
7. next month表将来，用一般将来时will+动词原形，故填will come；
8. than是比较级标志，hard的比较级是harder，故填harder。
【答案】
1. to visit 2. crowded 3. spaceships 4. astronauts 5. be checked 6. to sleep 7. will come 8. harder
【知识点】
动词不定式、名词复数、形容词比较级
【点评】
本题为基础英语语法题，涵盖初中核心语法点，难度适中，主要考查学生对固定搭配、名词复数、时态、被动语态等基础规则的掌握，熟悉知识点即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.8

三、用适当的单词填空(每空一词)
1. Astronauts must be strong both in mind body.
2. That astronaut has stayed in space two months.
3. The space station gets its power collecting sunlight.
4. We cannot live in outer space there is no air to breathe.

1. and 2. for 3. by 4. because

【分析】
本题考查英语基础的固定搭配、介词及连词的用法，需结合每句的语境和语法规则分析：第1题考查并列结构的固定搭配；第2题考查现在完成时中时间段前的介词用法；第3题考查表方式的介词；第4题考查表因果关系的连词。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配“both...and...”表示“两者都”，连接mind和body两个并列成分，故填and；
2. 现在完成时中，“for+时间段”用于说明动作持续的时长，此处“two months”是时间段，故填for；
3. 介词by可表示“通过某种方式”，后接动名词形式，此处指空间站通过收集阳光获取能量，故填by；
4. 前后句为因果关系，后半句说明不能在外太空生存的原因，需用表原因的连词because，故填because。
【答案】
1. and 2. for 3. by 4. because
【知识点】
固定搭配、介词用法、连词用法
【点评】
本题为英语基础语法填空题，考查的都是日常学习中常见的固定搭配、介词和连词用法，知识点基础，只要掌握相关规则即可轻松解答。
【难度系数】
0.8

四、阅读理解
From tiny seeds, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On 3rd January of 2019, the probe became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on Earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver(长条) of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on Earth, their stems grow away from the gravity (the force that keeps our feet on the ground), and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as Earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: Would Earth plants know which way was up on the moon? Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold (it can drop to -183℃ on the moon at night). However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
()1. What can we know from the text?
A. The far side of the moon gets less sunlight.
B. We can see the far side of the moon from Earth.
C. The stems fail to grow away from Earth's gravity.
D. Earth plants know the way to grow on the moon.
()2. What is the text mainly about?
A. Another success for Chang'e 4.
B. The moon.
C. Tiny seeds in the soil.
D. The steps of an experiment.
()3. In which section of a magazine can you read the text?
A. Health and sport.
B. History and culture.
C. Science and technology.
D. Population and environment.

1.D 2.A 3.C

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含3道选择题，分别考查细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断能力。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题（细节理解）：需逐一将选项与原文对应内容核对，排除错误选项，匹配正确表述；
2. 第2题（主旨大意）：需关注文章首尾段的核心句，提炼全文围绕的核心内容；
3. 第3题（推理判断）：需根据文章主题（航天科技）判断其所属的杂志板块。
【解析】
1. 第1题：细节理解题。A项与原文“the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side”不符；B项与原文“we never see it from down here on Earth”不符；C项与原文“When plants shoot on Earth, their stems grow away from the gravity”不符；D项与原文“a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do”一致，故答案为D。
2. 第2题：主旨大意题。文章开篇点明“This is yet another success for Chang'e 4”，后续围绕嫦娥四号的任务、迷你花园实验展开，核心是嫦娥四号的又一成功，故答案为A。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。文章内容围绕嫦娥四号的航天科技实验，属于科学技术范畴，故答案为C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解主旨大意、阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本题为科技类英语阅读理解，考查学生对不同类型阅读题的解题方法掌握情况，需学生精准定位原文细节、提炼主旨、判断文章所属领域，整体难度适中，适合中等水平学生作答。
【难度系数】
0.5