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Ⅲ. Answer the questions(根据以下内容,回答问题)
During adolescence, the human brain goes through rapid and important changes that strongly influence behaviour, emotions, and thinking patterns.
Teenagers’ brains are still developing, especially the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences. Because this area is not yet fully mature, teenagers may act impulsively, take more risks, or find it difficult to control their emotions when facing pressure or conflict.
At the same time, the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system. This imbalance means teenagers often experience stronger feelings and become highly sensitive to peer opinions, social approval, and online feedback. They are easily affected by friends and social trends, as they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
However, these brain characteristics should be seen as opportunities rather than problems. The teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
With proper guidance, emotional support, and positive experiences, teenagers can develop resilience, self-awareness, and problem-solving skills that support healthy growth and success in adulthood.
1. What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
2. Why are teenagers easily affected by friends and online comments?
3. What does the underlined word “imbalance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
4. According to the writer, how should we view the characteristics of the teenage brain? Why?
5. As a teenager, what would you do to make good use of this important period of brain development? Please give one example and explain in about 30 words.
During adolescence, the human brain goes through rapid and important changes that strongly influence behaviour, emotions, and thinking patterns.
Teenagers’ brains are still developing, especially the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences. Because this area is not yet fully mature, teenagers may act impulsively, take more risks, or find it difficult to control their emotions when facing pressure or conflict.
At the same time, the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system. This imbalance means teenagers often experience stronger feelings and become highly sensitive to peer opinions, social approval, and online feedback. They are easily affected by friends and social trends, as they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
However, these brain characteristics should be seen as opportunities rather than problems. The teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
With proper guidance, emotional support, and positive experiences, teenagers can develop resilience, self-awareness, and problem-solving skills that support healthy growth and success in adulthood.
1. What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
Decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences.
2. Why are teenagers easily affected by friends and online comments?
Because the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system, teenagers experience stronger feelings. / Because they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
3. What does the underlined word “imbalance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
It refers to the fact that the brain's emotional centre develops faster than its rational control system.
4. According to the writer, how should we view the characteristics of the teenage brain? Why?
We should see them as opportunities rather than problems, because the teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
5. As a teenager, what would you do to make good use of this important period of brain development? Please give one example and explain in about 30 words.
I would build good habits during this flexible period, such as reading every day and exercising regularly.
Since the teenage brain is highly changeable, these good habits will shape my thinking and benefit my growth.
答案
（供参考）
1. Decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences.
2. Because the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system, teenagers experience stronger feelings. / Because they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
3. It refers to the fact that the brain's emotional centre develops faster than its rational control system.
4. We should see them as opportunities rather than problems, because the teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
5. I would build good habits during this flexible period, such as reading every day and exercising regularly. Since the teenage brain is highly changeable, these good habits will shape my thinking and benefit my growth.
1. Decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences.
2. Because the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system, teenagers experience stronger feelings. / Because they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
3. It refers to the fact that the brain's emotional centre develops faster than its rational control system.
4. We should see them as opportunities rather than problems, because the teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
5. I would build good habits during this flexible period, such as reading every day and exercising regularly. Since the teenage brain is highly changeable, these good habits will shape my thinking and benefit my growth.
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解简答题，需通过定位原文对应段落提取关键信息作答。解题时先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的关键词定位到原文具体段落，筛选匹配内容后按要求组织语言，第5题需结合自身实际并符合字数要求。
【解析】1. 定位原文第二段，提取前额叶皮层的职责内容；2. 定位原文第三段，整合青少年易受影响的原因；3. 定位原文第三段，分析划线词“imbalance”的指代内容；4. 定位原文第四段，提取作者对青少年大脑特征的看法及原因；5. 结合原文提到的青少年大脑灵活的特点，举一个利用该时期的例子并控制在约30词。
【答案】1. Decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences.
2. Because the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system, teenagers experience stronger feelings. / Because they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
3. It refers to the fact that the brain's emotional centre develops faster than its rational control system.
4. We should see them as opportunities rather than problems, because the teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
5. I would build good habits during this flexible period, such as reading every day and exercising regularly. Since the teenage brain is highly changeable, these good habits will shape my thinking and benefit my growth.
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节查找、词义猜测
【点评】本题考查学生的英语阅读理解能力，涵盖细节定位、词义猜测、信息整合及语言表达，需学生准确从原文提取信息并合理组织答案，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 定位原文第二段，提取前额叶皮层的职责内容；2. 定位原文第三段，整合青少年易受影响的原因；3. 定位原文第三段，分析划线词“imbalance”的指代内容；4. 定位原文第四段，提取作者对青少年大脑特征的看法及原因；5. 结合原文提到的青少年大脑灵活的特点，举一个利用该时期的例子并控制在约30词。
【答案】1. Decision-making, self-control, planning, and understanding long-term consequences.
2. Because the emotional centre of the brain develops faster than the rational control system, teenagers experience stronger feelings. / Because they are actively exploring their identity and seeking a sense of belonging and recognition.
3. It refers to the fact that the brain's emotional centre develops faster than its rational control system.
4. We should see them as opportunities rather than problems, because the teenage brain is highly flexible and capable of change, making adolescence a critical period for learning, creativity, and habit formation.
5. I would build good habits during this flexible period, such as reading every day and exercising regularly. Since the teenage brain is highly changeable, these good habits will shape my thinking and benefit my growth.
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节查找、词义猜测
【点评】本题考查学生的英语阅读理解能力，涵盖细节定位、词义猜测、信息整合及语言表达，需学生准确从原文提取信息并合理组织答案，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
