二、句子
(一)汉译英。
1. 潍坊每年都举办国际风筝节。

2. 从纸张到竹子，最为普通的东西都变成了精美的物品。

3. 据历史记载，孔明灯由诸葛孔明发明。

4. 剪纸已经存在大约 1,500 年了。

5. 完成这一切需要花费几个周的时间。

6. 下个月，很多德国人要来中国参观。

7. 昨晚家长和学生受邀参加了学校的音乐会。

8. 那个地下停车场每天在午夜关闭。

1. The International Kite Festival is held in Weifang every year.
2. The most common things, from paper to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.
3. According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were invented by Zhuge Kongming.
4. Paper cutting has been around for about 1,500 years.
5. It takes several weeks to complete everything.
6. A lot of Germans will come to China for a visit next month.
7. Parents and students were invited to the school concert last night.
8. The underground parking lot is closed at midnight every day.

【分析】
本题为汉译英题型，主要考查英语中不同时态下的被动语态运用、常用固定短语及句型的掌握。解题思路：1. 先分析中文句子的主语和谓语逻辑关系，判断是主动还是被动（中文常省略被动，英文需根据主语确定被动结构）；2. 确定句子的时间状语，对应正确的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时等）；3. 选用合适的被动语态结构（am/is/are + 过去分词；was/were + 过去分词；has/have been + 过去分词等）；4. 调整语序，符合英文表达习惯，正确使用固定短语和句型。
【解析】
1. 中文主语“国际风筝节”是动作“举办”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，“举办”的过去分词是held，地点“潍坊”是in Weifang，时间“每年”是every year，故译为The International Kite Festival is held in Weifang every year.
2. 主语“最为普通的东西”是动作“变成”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，“从纸张到竹子”是插入语from paper to bamboo，“变成”的被动结构是are turned into，“精美的物品”是objects of beauty，故译为The most common things, from paper to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.
3. “据历史记载”是固定短语According to Chinese history，主语“孔明灯”是动作“发明”的承受者，时间为过去，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，“发明”的过去分词是invented，“由诸葛孔明”是by Zhuge Kongming，故译为According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were invented by Zhuge Kongming.
4. “已经存在”对应现在完成时，“存在”用be around，主语“剪纸”是Paper cutting，助动词用has，“大约1500年”是about 1,500 years，故译为Paper cutting has been around for about 1,500 years.
5. 考查固定句型It takes + 时间 + to do sth，“完成这一切”是complete everything，“几个周”是several weeks，故译为It takes several weeks to complete everything.
6. 时间“下个月”对应一般将来时，“很多德国人”是A lot of Germans，“来中国参观”是come to China for a visit，故译为A lot of Germans will come to China for a visit next month.
7. 时间“昨晚”对应一般过去时，主语“家长和学生”是动作“受邀”的承受者，用一般过去时被动语态，结构为“were + 过去分词”，“受邀参加”是were invited to，“学校的音乐会”是the school concert，故译为Parents and students were invited to the school concert last night.
8. 时间“每天”对应一般现在时，主语“地下停车场”是动作“关闭”的承受者，用一般现在时被动语态，结构为“is + 过去分词”，“关闭”的过去分词是closed，“在午夜”是at midnight，故译为The underground parking lot is closed at midnight every day.
【答案】
1. The International Kite Festival is held in Weifang every year.
2. The most common things, from paper to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.
3. According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were invented by Zhuge Kongming.
4. Paper cutting has been around for about 1,500 years.
5. It takes several weeks to complete everything.
6. A lot of Germans will come to China for a visit next month.
7. Parents and students were invited to the school concert last night.
8. The underground parking lot is closed at midnight every day.
【知识点】
一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、现在完成时
【点评】
本题围绕初中英语核心语法——被动语态的不同时态应用展开，结合常用短语和固定句型，考查学生汉译英的基础能力，需准确把握主语与谓语的逻辑关系及时态对应，是初中英语的重点练习题型。
【难度系数】
0.5

(二)英译汉。
1. Mobile phones are used for listening to music by the young.

2. My bicycle was stolen while I was in the shop.

3. Is this ice cream made from milk?

1. 年轻人用手机听歌。
2. 我在商店里的时候，自行车被偷走了。
3. 这种冰激凌是用牛奶做的吗？

【分析】英译汉时，需注意被动语态的翻译转换（中文常用主动表达或“被”字句），同时准确把握固定短语含义，逐句梳理句子结构，确保翻译符合中文表达习惯。
【解析】1. 原句为被动语态，“are used for”译为“被用来”，调整为中文主动表达更通顺，即“年轻人用手机听歌”；2. 原句是while引导的时间状语从句的被动句，“was stolen”译为“被偷走”，“while I was in the shop”译为“我在商店里的时候”，组合成通顺中文；3. 原句是被动语态的一般疑问句，“Is...made from”译为“是用……做的吗”，“this ice cream”译为“这种冰激凌”，组合成疑问句。
【答案】1. 年轻人用手机听歌。2. 我在商店里的时候，自行车被偷走了。3. 这种冰激凌是用牛奶做的吗？
【知识点】英译汉、被动语态翻译、固定短语辨析
【点评】本题为基础英译汉题型，主要考察被动语态的翻译转换及常用固定短语的理解，句子结构简单，是英语基础应用的常见题型，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.8

三、语篇
根据对话内容，在方框中选择合适句子填写到对话中。每个选项仅使用一次，有两个多余选项。
A: Hi, Danny! What is this in English?
B: Oh, it's a key.
A: What's it made of?
B: It's made of metal.
A: 1
B: It's used for locking or unlocking a door.
A: I see. That's interesting. Can I have a try?
B: Yes, please.
A: Look, it works. By the way, what's that over there?
B: You may have a guess.
A: It looks strange, not like a bike or a plane. 2
B: It was invented by my father. You may call it a “pbike”.
A: 3
B: Yesterday morning.
A: What's it used for?
B: It's used for riding or flying.
A: 4
B: You can ride it like a bike. As you ride faster and faster, it can fly like a plane.
A: That sounds interesting. I think your father is great!
B: I think so. 5
A: Yeah, I'd love to.
A. When was it invented?
B. Where's it made?
C. What's it made for?
D. Who invented that machine?
E. Would you like to have a try with me?
F. But how does it work?
G. What's this in English?

1-5 CDAFE

【分析】
解答本题需通读对话梳理上下文问答逻辑，根据答句内容匹配对应问句：第1空答句说明物品用途，需选问用途的问句；第2空答句说明发明者，需选问发明者的问句；第3空答句说明发明时间，需选问时间的问句；第4空答句说明物品运作方式，需选问运作方式的问句；第5空答句是接受邀请的回应，需选发出邀请的问句，同时注意每个选项仅用一次，排除多余选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：答句“It's used for locking or unlocking a door.”说明物品用途，对应选项C（What's it made for?），询问用途，符合逻辑；
2. 第2空：答句“It was invented by my father.”说明发明者，对应选项D（Who invented that machine?），询问发明者，符合逻辑；
3. 第3空：答句“Yesterday morning.”说明发明时间，对应选项A（When was it invented?），询问时间，符合逻辑；
4. 第4空：答句“You can ride it like a bike...it can fly like a plane.”说明物品运作方式，对应选项F（But how does it work?），询问运作方式，符合逻辑；
5. 第5空：答句“Yeah, I'd love to.”是对邀请的回应，对应选项E（Would you like to have a try with me?），发出邀请，符合逻辑；
综上，答案为1-5 CDAFE。
【答案】
CDAFE
【知识点】
英语情景对话补全；特殊疑问句运用
【点评】
本题为英语情景对话补全题，考查日常交际用语的理解与运用，需抓住答句关键信息匹配对应问句，难度适中，需注意选项仅用一次的要求。
【难度系数】
0.7