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体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /4
新素养·学习能力 Why do kids make seemingly “careless” mistakes? While grown-ups may think it’s simply a matter of not listening, sometimes it’s about a failure(故障) of metacognition(元认知).
Metacognition is to understand your own thinking process. It’s when you’re aware of your own thoughts and how you learn and solve problems. It helps you realize what you’re doing, make a plan and change your plan if needed to finish hard tasks!
Alicia Forsberg, a professor at the University of Sheffield, said, “Metacognition is a skill that plays an important part in learning different types of materials in many subjects.” For children, learning how to use metacognition can improve their school grades.
Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes. Forsberg points out an important part of metacognition called meta-memory. It is the awareness of what we remember and what we’ve forgotten. The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something. For example, a child who fails to finish a task may have forgotten the instruction(指示), and not realize it has been forgotten. Children believe that if they don’t remember seeing something, it was never there at all. However, grown-ups know forgetting happens quite often.
The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help. Forsberg suggests asking children what they remember about the instructions for a given task. Even if they think the instructions are easy to remember, they may still have forgotten something, so double-checking is always a good idea. Besides, making children describe what they learned in a lesson can help them realize not everything has been kept in their memory.
When children develop a better awareness of their own memory skills, they can use that information to tailor their learning. That understanding might encourage students to pause(暂停) and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes. Children differ in their metacognitive skills, so some might need to go back and look at what they may have forgotten more often.
Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain(大脑), which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively(有效地) and avoid those seemingly “careless” mistakes.
1. According to the passage, why might children make careless mistakes? ＞＞ 直接理解题
A. Because they have too many materials to learn.
B. Because they are not listening carefully in class.
C. Because they fail to realize they have forgotten something.
D. Because they dislike most of the subjects they are learning.
2. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. News about teachers and students.
B. Ideas for remembering instructions.
C. Advice on understanding new lessons.
D. Ways of developing kids’ metacognition.
3. The words “tailor their learning” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “”.
A. play an active part in groups
B. push them to study harder
C. deal with the learning pressure(压力)
D. find suitable ways of learning
4. The writer probably agrees that metacognition .
A. guides kids to follow the school rules easily
B. aims to draw kids’ attention to their strong points
C. helps kids have a better control over their learning
D. encourages kids to take a break away from school
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /4
新素养·学习能力 Why do kids make seemingly “careless” mistakes? While grown-ups may think it’s simply a matter of not listening, sometimes it’s about a failure(故障) of metacognition(元认知).
Metacognition is to understand your own thinking process. It’s when you’re aware of your own thoughts and how you learn and solve problems. It helps you realize what you’re doing, make a plan and change your plan if needed to finish hard tasks!
Alicia Forsberg, a professor at the University of Sheffield, said, “Metacognition is a skill that plays an important part in learning different types of materials in many subjects.” For children, learning how to use metacognition can improve their school grades.
Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes. Forsberg points out an important part of metacognition called meta-memory. It is the awareness of what we remember and what we’ve forgotten. The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something. For example, a child who fails to finish a task may have forgotten the instruction(指示), and not realize it has been forgotten. Children believe that if they don’t remember seeing something, it was never there at all. However, grown-ups know forgetting happens quite often.
The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help. Forsberg suggests asking children what they remember about the instructions for a given task. Even if they think the instructions are easy to remember, they may still have forgotten something, so double-checking is always a good idea. Besides, making children describe what they learned in a lesson can help them realize not everything has been kept in their memory.
When children develop a better awareness of their own memory skills, they can use that information to tailor their learning. That understanding might encourage students to pause(暂停) and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes. Children differ in their metacognitive skills, so some might need to go back and look at what they may have forgotten more often.
Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain(大脑), which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively(有效地) and avoid those seemingly “careless” mistakes.
1. According to the passage, why might children make careless mistakes? ＞＞ 直接理解题
A. Because they have too many materials to learn.
B. Because they are not listening carefully in class.
C. Because they fail to realize they have forgotten something.
D. Because they dislike most of the subjects they are learning.
2. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. News about teachers and students.
B. Ideas for remembering instructions.
C. Advice on understanding new lessons.
D. Ways of developing kids’ metacognition.
3. The words “tailor their learning” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “”.
A. play an active part in groups
B. push them to study harder
C. deal with the learning pressure(压力)
D. find suitable ways of learning
4. The writer probably agrees that metacognition .
A. guides kids to follow the school rules easily
B. aims to draw kids’ attention to their strong points
C. helps kids have a better control over their learning
D. encourages kids to take a break away from school
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了为什么孩子们会犯看似粗心的错误以及如何通过元认知来改善学习。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes ... The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something.”可知，孩子会犯粗心的错误可能是因为他们没有意识到他们忘记了一些东西。故选 C。
＞＞ 直接理解题
2. D 段落大意题。根据第五段“The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help.”可知，第五段主要讲述了帮助孩子们发展元认知的方法。故选 D。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据“That understanding might encourage students to pause and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes.”可知，这种理解可能会鼓励学生暂停并重新观看他们正在学习的视频，或者回顾他们的笔记。所以此句含义为“当孩子们对自己的记忆技能有了更好的认识时，他们可以利用这些信息来调整自己的学习”，D选项符合语境。故选 D。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain, which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively ...”可知，元认知是大脑里的一个智能助手，它能让学习变得更容易，即能帮助孩子们更好地掌握学习。故选 C。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes ... The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something.”可知，孩子会犯粗心的错误可能是因为他们没有意识到他们忘记了一些东西。故选 C。
＞＞ 直接理解题
2. D 段落大意题。根据第五段“The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help.”可知，第五段主要讲述了帮助孩子们发展元认知的方法。故选 D。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据“That understanding might encourage students to pause and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes.”可知，这种理解可能会鼓励学生暂停并重新观看他们正在学习的视频，或者回顾他们的笔记。所以此句含义为“当孩子们对自己的记忆技能有了更好的认识时，他们可以利用这些信息来调整自己的学习”，D选项符合语境。故选 D。
4. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain, which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively ...”可知，元认知是大脑里的一个智能助手，它能让学习变得更容易，即能帮助孩子们更好地掌握学习。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文章第四段，查找孩子犯粗心错误的原因；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需找第五段主旨句，明确段落核心内容；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合第六段划线短语后的举例内容推断含义；
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需定位最后一段，根据作者对元认知作用的描述推导观点。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第四段“Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes ... The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something.”可知，孩子犯粗心错误是因为未意识到自己忘记了某些内容，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：第五段主旨句为“The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help.”，该段主要介绍教师和家长帮助孩子发展元认知的方法，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：根据第六段划线短语后的举例“pause and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes”可知，这是调整自身学习方式，故“tailor their learning”意为“找到适合自己的学习方法”，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain, which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively ...”可知，元认知能帮助孩子更有效地学习，即更好地掌控学习，对应选项C。
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】本文为科普类说明文，围绕元认知与孩子粗心错误的关系展开，题目涵盖阅读理解核心题型，考查学生信息定位、主旨归纳、词义推断及逻辑推理能力，需学生准确把握文章细节与主旨，难度中等偏上。
【难度系数】0.2
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位文章第四段，查找孩子犯粗心错误的原因；
2. 第2题是段落大意题，需找第五段主旨句，明确段落核心内容；
3. 第3题是词义猜测题，需结合第六段划线短语后的举例内容推断含义；
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需定位最后一段，根据作者对元认知作用的描述推导观点。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第四段“Meanwhile, a failure of metacognition might lead to careless mistakes ... The problem for children is that they may not realize they have forgotten something.”可知，孩子犯粗心错误是因为未意识到自己忘记了某些内容，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：第五段主旨句为“The good news is that there are things teachers and parents can do to help.”，该段主要介绍教师和家长帮助孩子发展元认知的方法，对应选项D。
3. 第3题：根据第六段划线短语后的举例“pause and re-watch a video they are learning from, or to look back at their notes”可知，这是调整自身学习方式，故“tailor their learning”意为“找到适合自己的学习方法”，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：根据最后一段“Metacognition is like having a smart helper in your brain, which makes learning easier. If children understand their own thinking skills, they should be able to help themselves learn more effectively ...”可知，元认知能帮助孩子更有效地学习，即更好地掌控学习，对应选项C。
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.D 4.C
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题
【点评】本文为科普类说明文，围绕元认知与孩子粗心错误的关系展开，题目涵盖阅读理解核心题型，考查学生信息定位、主旨归纳、词义推断及逻辑推理能力，需学生准确把握文章细节与主旨，难度中等偏上。
【难度系数】0.2
