6. 解下列方程组:
(1) $\begin{cases}y = x - 5,\\3x - y = 8;\end{cases}$
(2) $\begin{cases}x - y = 1,\\2x + 3y = 5.\end{cases}$
(1) $\begin{cases}y = x - 5,\\3x - y = 8;\end{cases}$
(2) $\begin{cases}x - y = 1,\\2x + 3y = 5.\end{cases}$
答案
(1)
已知方程组$\begin{cases}y = x - 5&(1)\\3x - y = 8&(2)\end{cases}$
将$(1)$代入$(2)$得:
$3x-(x - 5)=8$
去括号:$3x - x+5 = 8$
移项:$3x - x=8 - 5$
合并同类项:$2x=3$
系数化为$1$:$x = \frac{3}{2}$
把$x=\frac{3}{2}$代入$(1)$得:$y=\frac{3}{2}-5=-\frac{7}{2}$
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=-\frac{7}{2}\end{cases}$
(2)
已知方程组$\begin{cases}x - y = 1&(1)\\2x + 3y = 5&(2)\end{cases}$
由$(1)$得$x=y + 1\ (3)$
把$(3)$代入$(2)$得:
$2(y + 1)+3y=5$
去括号:$2y+2 + 3y=5$
移项:$2y+3y=5 - 2$
合并同类项:$5y=3$
系数化为$1$:$y=\frac{3}{5}$
把$y = \frac{3}{5}$代入$(3)$得:$x=\frac{3}{5}+1=\frac{8}{5}$
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x=\frac{8}{5}\\y=\frac{3}{5}\end{cases}$
已知方程组$\begin{cases}y = x - 5&(1)\\3x - y = 8&(2)\end{cases}$
将$(1)$代入$(2)$得:
$3x-(x - 5)=8$
去括号:$3x - x+5 = 8$
移项:$3x - x=8 - 5$
合并同类项:$2x=3$
系数化为$1$:$x = \frac{3}{2}$
把$x=\frac{3}{2}$代入$(1)$得:$y=\frac{3}{2}-5=-\frac{7}{2}$
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=-\frac{7}{2}\end{cases}$
(2)
已知方程组$\begin{cases}x - y = 1&(1)\\2x + 3y = 5&(2)\end{cases}$
由$(1)$得$x=y + 1\ (3)$
把$(3)$代入$(2)$得:
$2(y + 1)+3y=5$
去括号:$2y+2 + 3y=5$
移项:$2y+3y=5 - 2$
合并同类项:$5y=3$
系数化为$1$:$y=\frac{3}{5}$
把$y = \frac{3}{5}$代入$(3)$得:$x=\frac{3}{5}+1=\frac{8}{5}$
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x=\frac{8}{5}\\y=\frac{3}{5}\end{cases}$
7. 先阅读,然后解二元一次方程组。
解二元一次方程组$\begin{cases}x - y - 1 = 0\quad①,\\4(x - y) - y = 5\quad②\end{cases}$时,可以由①得到$x - y = 1\quad③$,然后将③代入②,得$4×1 - y = 5$,解得$y = - 1$,进一步求得该二元一次方程组的解是$\begin{cases}x = 0,\\y = - 1.\end{cases}$
请用上述方法解二元一次方程组$\begin{cases}2x - y - 2 = 0,\\\dfrac{6x - 3y + 4}{6} + 2y = 12.\end{cases}$
解二元一次方程组$\begin{cases}x - y - 1 = 0\quad①,\\4(x - y) - y = 5\quad②\end{cases}$时,可以由①得到$x - y = 1\quad③$,然后将③代入②,得$4×1 - y = 5$,解得$y = - 1$,进一步求得该二元一次方程组的解是$\begin{cases}x = 0,\\y = - 1.\end{cases}$
请用上述方法解二元一次方程组$\begin{cases}2x - y - 2 = 0,\\\dfrac{6x - 3y + 4}{6} + 2y = 12.\end{cases}$
答案
$\begin{cases}2x - y - 2 = 0\quad①\\frac{6x - 3y + 4}{6} + 2y = 12\quad②\end{cases}$
由①得:$y = 2x - 2$ ③,
将③代入②得:
$\frac{6x - 3(2x - 2) + 4}{6} + 2(2x - 2) = 12$,
$\frac{6x - 6x + 6 + 4}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{10}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{5}{3} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$4x = 12 + 4 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{48}{3} + \frac{12}{3} - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{55}{3}$,
$x = \frac{55}{12}$,
将$x = \frac{55}{12}$代入③得:
$y = 2×\frac{55}{12} - 2$,
$y = \frac{55}{6} - 2$,
$y = \frac{55}{6} - \frac{12}{6}$,
$y = \frac{43}{6}$,
所以,方程组的解为$\begin{cases} x = \frac{55}{12}\\ y =\frac{43}{6}(错误,因为前面4x - 4计算有误,下面重新计算) \frac{6x - 3(2x - 2) + 4}{6} + 2(2x - 2) = 12$,
$\frac{6x - 6x + 6 + 4}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{10}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{5}{3} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$4x = 12 + 4 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = 16 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{48}{3} - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{43}{3}$,
$x = \frac{43}{12}$,
把$x = \frac{43}{12}$代入$y = 2x - 2$可得:
$y = 2×\frac{43}{12} - 2$,
$y = \frac{43}{6} - 2$,
$y = \frac{43}{6} - \frac{12}{6}$,
$y = \frac{31}{6}$,
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = \frac{43}{12}, \\y = \frac{31}{6}. \end{cases}$
由①得:$y = 2x - 2$ ③,
将③代入②得:
$\frac{6x - 3(2x - 2) + 4}{6} + 2(2x - 2) = 12$,
$\frac{6x - 6x + 6 + 4}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{10}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{5}{3} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$4x = 12 + 4 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{48}{3} + \frac{12}{3} - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{55}{3}$,
$x = \frac{55}{12}$,
将$x = \frac{55}{12}$代入③得:
$y = 2×\frac{55}{12} - 2$,
$y = \frac{55}{6} - 2$,
$y = \frac{55}{6} - \frac{12}{6}$,
$y = \frac{43}{6}$,
所以,方程组的解为$\begin{cases} x = \frac{55}{12}\\ y =\frac{43}{6}(错误,因为前面4x - 4计算有误,下面重新计算) \frac{6x - 3(2x - 2) + 4}{6} + 2(2x - 2) = 12$,
$\frac{6x - 6x + 6 + 4}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{10}{6} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$\frac{5}{3} + 4x - 4 = 12$,
$4x = 12 + 4 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = 16 - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{48}{3} - \frac{5}{3}$,
$4x = \frac{43}{3}$,
$x = \frac{43}{12}$,
把$x = \frac{43}{12}$代入$y = 2x - 2$可得:
$y = 2×\frac{43}{12} - 2$,
$y = \frac{43}{6} - 2$,
$y = \frac{43}{6} - \frac{12}{6}$,
$y = \frac{31}{6}$,
所以方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = \frac{43}{12}, \\y = \frac{31}{6}. \end{cases}$
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