(三)含有定语从句的复合句与简单句之间的转换
11. Do you know the man who is holding a book in his hand?
Do you know the man ?
12. The girl who wears a red skirt is my sister.
The girl is my sister.
13. I prefer to stay in a hotel which has a sea view.
I prefer to stay in a hotel .
14. The men who carry air tanks on their backs are astronauts.
The men are astronauts.
15. My English teacher is that young lady who has long straight hair.
That young lady is my English teacher.

11. holding a book in his hand
12. wearing a red skirt
13. with a sea view（或having a sea view）
14. carrying air tanks on their backs
15. with long straight hair（或having long straight hair）

本题考查含定语从句的复合句与简单句的转换，核心规则是：当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语，且先行词与从句谓语动词为主动关系时，可将定语从句转换为现在分词短语作后置定语；也可使用介词短语替代定语从句表达相同含义。具体转换如下：
11. 原定语从句"who is holding a book in his hand"，去掉关系代词who和be动词is，保留现在分词短语作后置定语；
12. 原定语从句"who wears a red skirt"，转换为现在分词短语作后置定语；
13. 原定语从句"which has a sea view"，可转换为介词短语或现在分词短语作后置定语；
14. 原定语从句"who carry air tanks on their backs"，去掉关系代词who，保留现在分词短语作后置定语；
15. 原定语从句"who has long straight hair"，可转换为介词短语或现在分词短语作后置定语。

三、阅读短文，在文中空白处填入 1 个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
Space Station Rice Tests Show Hope
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings on the Tiangong space station.

The rice experiment being done on Tiangong is the ______ 1 ______ (one) of its kind. Its purpose is ______ 2 ______ (produce) the complete life cycle of the plant. The cycle ______ 3 ______ (begin) with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds.
China sent the Wentian space lab 4 space on 24th July, 2022. 5 space lab weighs about 23,000 kg and is 17.9 6 (metre) tall.
"If we want to land on 7 explore Mars, food 8 (bring) from the earth is not enough for the astronauts' long journey in space. We have to find methods 9 (stay) away from hunger during the space explorations," said Zheng Huiqiong, a 10 (research) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

1. first
2. to produce
3. begins
4. into
5. The
6. metres
7. and
8. brought
9. to stay
10. researcher

1. 第1空：定冠词the后接序数词，one的序数词是first，表“同类中的第一个”。
2. 第2空：固定结构“its purpose is to do sth.”，表示“目的是做某事”，故填to produce。
3. 第3空：主语the cycle是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，begin的第三人称单数为begins。
4. 第4空：固定搭配“send...into space”，意为“把……送入太空”，填into。
5. 第5空：特指前文提到的Wentian space lab，用定冠词The，首字母大写。
6. 第6空：数字17.9后接可数名词复数，metre的复数形式是metres。
7. 第7空：“land on”与“explore”是并列动作，用并列连词and连接。
8. 第8空：food和bring是被动关系，用过去分词brought作后置定语，修饰food。
9. 第9空：固定用法“methods to do sth.”，表示“做某事的方法”，填to stay。
10. 第10空：a后接可数名词单数，research的名词形式researcher表示“研究者”，符合语境。