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Ⅲ. 阅读课文第68~69页*Secrets caught in time*部分内容,找出能体现以下四个论证环节的宾语从句。将找到的从句原文填写在对应的横线上。
1. 我们曾经相信什么?(提出旧观念)
Example: For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards.
2. 琥珀证据告诉我们什么?(呈现新发现)
3. 这些发现证明了什么规律?(得出核心结论)
4. 未来还可能揭示什么?(开启新探索)
1. 我们曾经相信什么?(提出旧观念)
Example: For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards.
Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.
2. 琥珀证据告诉我们什么?(呈现新发现)
They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.
The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.
3. 这些发现证明了什么规律?(得出核心结论)
They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.
4. 未来还可能揭示什么?(开启新探索)
Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?
答案
1. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.
2. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.
或The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.
或Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.
3. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.
4. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?
2. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.
或The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.
或Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.
3. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.
4. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?
解析
【分析】
首先，我们需要明确题目要求：从课文指定部分中，匹配四个论证环节对应的宾语从句。解题思路如下：
1. 对于“提出旧观念”环节，要寻找包含“曾经相信”类表述（如used to believe）的句子，其后的从句就是旧观念内容；
2. 对于“呈现新发现”环节，聚焦琥珀相关证据带来的新信息，寻找包含“tell us”“proves”“shows”等引导的、体现新发现的宾语从句；
3. 对于“得出核心结论”环节，需找从发现中提炼出的规律性内容，通常是“help us understand”等引导的总结性从句；
4. 对于“开启新探索”环节，要找涉及未来可能揭示内容的句子，带有未来时态或疑问性的探索表述。
接下来，带着这些关键词和核心指向，在课文中定位对应的宾语从句即可。
【解析】
1. 提出旧观念：
根据“曾经相信”的核心指向，找到课文中“Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.”，其中“that ants came from the northern half of the earth”是作believe的宾语从句，符合旧观念的要求。
2. 呈现新发现：
围绕琥珀证据带来的新信息，可找到：
“They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.”，“whether dinosaurs had feathers”是tell us的宾语从句，体现恐龙是否有羽毛的新发现；
“The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.”，“that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago”是proves的宾语从句，证明花朵生长的时间；
“Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.”，“that they [the ants] are a completely new species”是shows的宾语从句，说明蚂蚁是新物种的发现。
3. 得出核心结论：
从发现中提炼规律，找到“They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.”，“that life on earth has always changed”是understand的宾语从句，总结出地球生命始终在变化的核心规律。
4. 开启新探索：
寻找未来探索相关内容，找到“Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?”，“whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets”是knows的宾语从句，表达了琥珀未来可能揭示更多秘密的新探索方向。
【答案】
1. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.
2. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.
或The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.
或Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.
3. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.
4. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?
【知识点】
宾语从句识别，文本信息定位，论证环节匹配
【点评】
本题考查学生对宾语从句的识别能力，以及从文本中精准定位对应论证环节信息的能力，需要学生先明确各论证环节的核心指向，再结合课文内容进行匹配，既巩固了语法知识，又提升了文本解读能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，我们需要明确题目要求：从课文指定部分中，匹配四个论证环节对应的宾语从句。解题思路如下：
1. 对于“提出旧观念”环节，要寻找包含“曾经相信”类表述（如used to believe）的句子，其后的从句就是旧观念内容；
2. 对于“呈现新发现”环节，聚焦琥珀相关证据带来的新信息，寻找包含“tell us”“proves”“shows”等引导的、体现新发现的宾语从句；
3. 对于“得出核心结论”环节，需找从发现中提炼出的规律性内容，通常是“help us understand”等引导的总结性从句；
4. 对于“开启新探索”环节，要找涉及未来可能揭示内容的句子，带有未来时态或疑问性的探索表述。
接下来，带着这些关键词和核心指向，在课文中定位对应的宾语从句即可。
【解析】
1. 提出旧观念：
根据“曾经相信”的核心指向，找到课文中“Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.”，其中“that ants came from the northern half of the earth”是作believe的宾语从句，符合旧观念的要求。
2. 呈现新发现：
围绕琥珀证据带来的新信息，可找到：
“They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.”，“whether dinosaurs had feathers”是tell us的宾语从句，体现恐龙是否有羽毛的新发现；
“The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.”，“that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago”是proves的宾语从句，证明花朵生长的时间；
“Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.”，“that they [the ants] are a completely new species”是shows的宾语从句，说明蚂蚁是新物种的发现。
3. 得出核心结论：
从发现中提炼规律，找到“They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.”，“that life on earth has always changed”是understand的宾语从句，总结出地球生命始终在变化的核心规律。
4. 开启新探索：
寻找未来探索相关内容，找到“Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?”，“whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets”是knows的宾语从句，表达了琥珀未来可能揭示更多秘密的新探索方向。
【答案】
1. Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth.
2. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers.
或The find proves that it [the flower] did [grew there] 35 million years ago.
或Research shows that they [the ants] are a completely new species.
3. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed.
4. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets?
【知识点】
宾语从句识别，文本信息定位，论证环节匹配
【点评】
本题考查学生对宾语从句的识别能力，以及从文本中精准定位对应论证环节信息的能力，需要学生先明确各论证环节的核心指向，再结合课文内容进行匹配，既巩固了语法知识，又提升了文本解读能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅳ. 根据课本第71页*MESSAGE BOARD*中的内容,回答下列问题。
1. What did people think about the number of planets in the past?
2. What were the questions raised about Pluto?
3. What did scientists agree on about a true planet?
4. Why isn't Pluto part of the model?
1. What did people think about the number of planets in the past?
In the past, people thought that there were nine planets.
2. What were the questions raised about Pluto?
Questions were raised about whether/if Pluto was a planet.
3. What did scientists agree on about a true planet?
Scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun, is round (or nearly round)
and can clear things in its way.
4. Why isn't Pluto part of the model?
Because Pluto doesn't meet the third point. / Because Pluto can't clear things in its way.
答案
1. In the past, people thought that there were nine planets.
2. Questions were raised about whether/if Pluto was a planet.
3. Scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun, is round (or nearly round)
and can clear things in its way.
4. Because Pluto doesn't meet the third point. / Because Pluto can't clear things in its
way.
2. Questions were raised about whether/if Pluto was a planet.
3. Scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun, is round (or nearly round)
and can clear things in its way.
4. Because Pluto doesn't meet the third point. / Because Pluto can't clear things in its
way.
解析
【分析】
这是一道基于课本特定文本的细节理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 针对每个问题，先定位题干中的关键信息，比如第1题的"in the past"和"number of planets"，第2题的"questions about Pluto"，第3题的"scientists agree on a true planet"，第4题的"Why isn't Pluto part of the model"；
2. 根据关键信息回到课本第71页MESSAGE BOARD内容中找到对应段落，提取核心内容；
3. 组织语言，确保回答符合英语表达规范，比如疑问句转化为陈述句，原因表述清晰准确。
【解析】
1. 题干询问过去人们对行星数量的看法，定位到文本中描述过去认知的部分，可知过去人们认为有九大行星，因此得出对应答案。
2. 题干询问关于冥王星的疑问，找到文本中对冥王星的质疑内容，可知疑问集中在冥王星是否属于行星，据此组织语言作答。
3. 题干询问科学家对真正行星的共识，定位到科学家达成一致的部分，提取出三个核心要点：绕太阳运行、呈圆形（或近圆形）、能清除轨道上的障碍物，分点整理成答案。
4. 题干询问冥王星不在模型中的原因，结合第3题的共识，可知冥王星不符合第三个要点，即无法清除轨道上的障碍物，据此给出原因表述。
【答案】
1. In the past, people thought that there were nine planets.
2. Questions were raised about whether/if Pluto was a planet.
3. Scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun, is round (or nearly round)
and can clear things in its way.
4. Because Pluto doesn't meet the third point. / Because Pluto can't clear things in its
way.
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 宾语从句运用
3. 因果逻辑表达
【点评】
本题主要考查学生对文本细节的抓取与信息转化能力，需要学生精准定位题干关键信息对应的原文内容，同时注意英语句式的正确表达，比如whether/if引导的宾语从句以及原因状语的表述，整体侧重对基础阅读能力和语言表达准确性的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道基于课本特定文本的细节理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 针对每个问题，先定位题干中的关键信息，比如第1题的"in the past"和"number of planets"，第2题的"questions about Pluto"，第3题的"scientists agree on a true planet"，第4题的"Why isn't Pluto part of the model"；
2. 根据关键信息回到课本第71页MESSAGE BOARD内容中找到对应段落，提取核心内容；
3. 组织语言，确保回答符合英语表达规范，比如疑问句转化为陈述句，原因表述清晰准确。
【解析】
1. 题干询问过去人们对行星数量的看法，定位到文本中描述过去认知的部分，可知过去人们认为有九大行星，因此得出对应答案。
2. 题干询问关于冥王星的疑问，找到文本中对冥王星的质疑内容，可知疑问集中在冥王星是否属于行星，据此组织语言作答。
3. 题干询问科学家对真正行星的共识，定位到科学家达成一致的部分，提取出三个核心要点：绕太阳运行、呈圆形（或近圆形）、能清除轨道上的障碍物，分点整理成答案。
4. 题干询问冥王星不在模型中的原因，结合第3题的共识，可知冥王星不符合第三个要点，即无法清除轨道上的障碍物，据此给出原因表述。
【答案】
1. In the past, people thought that there were nine planets.
2. Questions were raised about whether/if Pluto was a planet.
3. Scientists agreed that a true planet moves around the sun, is round (or nearly round)
and can clear things in its way.
4. Because Pluto doesn't meet the third point. / Because Pluto can't clear things in its
way.
【知识点】
1. 阅读理解细节定位
2. 宾语从句运用
3. 因果逻辑表达
【点评】
本题主要考查学生对文本细节的抓取与信息转化能力，需要学生精准定位题干关键信息对应的原文内容，同时注意英语句式的正确表达，比如whether/if引导的宾语从句以及原因状语的表述，整体侧重对基础阅读能力和语言表达准确性的考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
