5. 先化简,再求值:$4(a - b)^2 - (2a + b)(-b + 2a)$,其中 $a = \frac{1}{2}$,$b = -2$.
答案
28
解析
化简过程:
1. 展开 $4(a - b)^2$:
$4(a^2 - 2ab + b^2) = 4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2$
2. 展开 $(2a + b)(-b + 2a)$:
$(2a)^2 - b^2 = 4a^2 - b^2$
3. 原式化简:
$4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2 - (4a^2 - b^2) = 4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2 - 4a^2 + b^2 = 5b^2 - 8ab$
代入求值:
当 $a = \frac{1}{2}$,$b = -2$ 时:
$5b^2 - 8ab = 5×(-2)^2 - 8×\frac{1}{2}×(-2) = 5×4 + 8 = 20 + 8 = 28$
1. 展开 $4(a - b)^2$:
$4(a^2 - 2ab + b^2) = 4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2$
2. 展开 $(2a + b)(-b + 2a)$:
$(2a)^2 - b^2 = 4a^2 - b^2$
3. 原式化简:
$4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2 - (4a^2 - b^2) = 4a^2 - 8ab + 4b^2 - 4a^2 + b^2 = 5b^2 - 8ab$
代入求值:
当 $a = \frac{1}{2}$,$b = -2$ 时:
$5b^2 - 8ab = 5×(-2)^2 - 8×\frac{1}{2}×(-2) = 5×4 + 8 = 20 + 8 = 28$
6. 用简便方法计算:
(1) $500^2 - 499 × 501$;
(2) $\frac{1}{4} × 6.16^2 - 4 × 1.04^2$.
(1) $500^2 - 499 × 501$;
(2) $\frac{1}{4} × 6.16^2 - 4 × 1.04^2$.
答案
(1) $500^2 - 499 × 501$
$=500^2 - (500 - 1)(500 + 1)$
$=500^2 - (500^2 - 1^2)$
$=500^2 - 500^2 + 1$
$=1$
(2) $\frac{1}{4} × 6.16^2 - 4 × 1.04^2$
$=(0.5×6.16)^2 - (2×1.04)^2$
$=3.08^2 - 2.08^2$
$=(3.08 - 2.08)(3.08 + 2.08)$
$=1×5.16$
$=5.16$
$=500^2 - (500 - 1)(500 + 1)$
$=500^2 - (500^2 - 1^2)$
$=500^2 - 500^2 + 1$
$=1$
(2) $\frac{1}{4} × 6.16^2 - 4 × 1.04^2$
$=(0.5×6.16)^2 - (2×1.04)^2$
$=3.08^2 - 2.08^2$
$=(3.08 - 2.08)(3.08 + 2.08)$
$=1×5.16$
$=5.16$
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