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三、从方框中为缺少主题句的段落选择对应的主题句,补全短文,并回答问题。(10分)
A. Use the exact words to ask questions. B. Use greetings.
C. Use polite words like "may" or "could".
We sometimes need to ask the way. Do you know how to do it properly? Here are a few tips.
1. ___ It is a good way to start a talk with a greeting. You can say something like "Hello", "Good afternoon" and "Excuse me". Then you can ask your question. For example, you can say, "Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the library?" This will greatly help you get the answer.
2. ___ Using polite words is good. You can use "may" or "could" to start your question. For example, you can say, "May I ask you how to get to the park?" You can also say, "Could you tell me the way to the park?"
3. ___ If you want to get the right answer, you need to use the exact words to ask. There are mainly three words you need to learn. They are "how", "where" and "which". For example, if you don't know the address of a park, you can ask, "Where is the park?" You have more chances of getting the right answer when you use the exact words.
4. 新趋势 文章结构 这篇阅读材料的文章结构是：___。
5. 新趋势 写作意图 What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage ______ ?
A. Use the exact words to ask questions. B. Use greetings.
C. Use polite words like "may" or "could".
We sometimes need to ask the way. Do you know how to do it properly? Here are a few tips.
1. ___ It is a good way to start a talk with a greeting. You can say something like "Hello", "Good afternoon" and "Excuse me". Then you can ask your question. For example, you can say, "Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the library?" This will greatly help you get the answer.
2. ___ Using polite words is good. You can use "may" or "could" to start your question. For example, you can say, "May I ask you how to get to the park?" You can also say, "Could you tell me the way to the park?"
3. ___ If you want to get the right answer, you need to use the exact words to ask. There are mainly three words you need to learn. They are "how", "where" and "which". For example, if you don't know the address of a park, you can ask, "Where is the park?" You have more chances of getting the right answer when you use the exact words.
4. 新趋势 文章结构 这篇阅读材料的文章结构是：___。
5. 新趋势 写作意图 What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage ______ ?
答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. The writer wants to give some tips on asking the way.
解析
【分析】
1. 对于1-3题，我们需要先阅读每个段落的核心内容，再匹配对应的主题句：
第1段重点介绍用问候语开启问路对话，比如“Hello”“Excuse me”等，要找对应描述问候语的选项；
第2段围绕使用“may”“could”这类礼貌词展开，需匹配对应礼貌词的选项；
第3段强调用准确的词汇（如how、where、which）提问来获取正确答案，要匹配对应准确用词的选项。
2. 第4题分析文章结构：文章第一段总起，提出“Here are a few tips”引出问路的技巧，之后2、3、4段分别独立阐述一个技巧，属于总分结构，对应图示中总段统领三个并列分段落的结构。
3. 第5题判断写作意图：文章开篇点明“如何正确问路”，接着分点给出技巧，所以作者的写作目的是分享问路的相关建议。
【解析】
1. 第1题：段落内容围绕“用问候语开启对话”展开，与选项B“Use greetings.”匹配，故选B。
2. 第2题：段落核心是介绍使用“may”“could”这类礼貌词问路，与选项C“Use polite words like "may" or "could".”匹配，故选C。
3. 第3题：段落强调使用准确的词汇提问以获取正确答案，与选项A“Use the exact words to ask questions.”匹配，故选A。
4. 第4题：文章第一段总述问路的技巧，2、3、4段分别介绍一个独立的技巧，是总分结构，对应图示C（Para.1为总起段，Para.2、Para.3、Para.4为并列分述段），故选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇提出“如何正确问路”，接着分点给出具体技巧，所以作者的写作目的是给出问路的相关建议，即“The writer wants to give some tips on asking the way.”。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. The writer wants to give some tips on asking the way.
【知识点】
段落主旨匹配、文章结构分析、写作意图判断
【点评】
本题考查学生对文本细节的把握、段落主旨的提炼以及对文章结构和写作意图的理解，需要结合段落内容逐一分析匹配，注重文本信息的对应性。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 对于1-3题，我们需要先阅读每个段落的核心内容，再匹配对应的主题句：
第1段重点介绍用问候语开启问路对话，比如“Hello”“Excuse me”等，要找对应描述问候语的选项；
第2段围绕使用“may”“could”这类礼貌词展开，需匹配对应礼貌词的选项；
第3段强调用准确的词汇（如how、where、which）提问来获取正确答案，要匹配对应准确用词的选项。
2. 第4题分析文章结构：文章第一段总起，提出“Here are a few tips”引出问路的技巧，之后2、3、4段分别独立阐述一个技巧，属于总分结构，对应图示中总段统领三个并列分段落的结构。
3. 第5题判断写作意图：文章开篇点明“如何正确问路”，接着分点给出技巧，所以作者的写作目的是分享问路的相关建议。
【解析】
1. 第1题：段落内容围绕“用问候语开启对话”展开，与选项B“Use greetings.”匹配，故选B。
2. 第2题：段落核心是介绍使用“may”“could”这类礼貌词问路，与选项C“Use polite words like "may" or "could".”匹配，故选C。
3. 第3题：段落强调使用准确的词汇提问以获取正确答案，与选项A“Use the exact words to ask questions.”匹配，故选A。
4. 第4题：文章第一段总述问路的技巧，2、3、4段分别介绍一个独立的技巧，是总分结构，对应图示C（Para.1为总起段，Para.2、Para.3、Para.4为并列分述段），故选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇提出“如何正确问路”，接着分点给出具体技巧，所以作者的写作目的是给出问路的相关建议，即“The writer wants to give some tips on asking the way.”。
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. The writer wants to give some tips on asking the way.
【知识点】
段落主旨匹配、文章结构分析、写作意图判断
【点评】
本题考查学生对文本细节的把握、段落主旨的提炼以及对文章结构和写作意图的理解，需要结合段落内容逐一分析匹配，注重文本信息的对应性。
【难度系数】
0.7
四、新素养文化意识 阅读短文,选择正确的答案。(10分)
In smart cities of China, you may turn on a light just by talking to it. Or you can visit different places in a self-driving car. What about smart cities outside of China? Let's take a look at some of them.
London, the UK London has many new ways to use data. One of its creative examples is an app. It shows a clean air route map of the city. The map has three different-coloured routes: red, orange and green. If people have to go out on a day with bad air, they can find out the green route with the cleanest air.
Singapore City, Republic of Singapore The "Garden City" has smart ways to make the city children-friendly. In some libraries, sensors(传感器)and projectors(投影仪)help kids listen to stories in cool ways. When a teacher tells a story about a tiger and makes a pose of the animal, a picture of a tiger will show on the wall. Kids will also hear a tiger roar(吼叫)。 These make the stories more lively.
( )1. If you want to turn on a light in some smart cities in China, you can ___.
A. take a self-driving car B. talk to it C. take a look
( )2. The map in London has three different-coloured routes:_______.
A. red, orange and blue B. red, yellow and green C. red, orange and green
( )3. In some ___ in Singapore City, sensors and projectors help kids listen to stories in cool ways.
A. libraries B. hospitals C. post offices
( )4. ___ make(s) the stories more lively.
A. The picture on the wall B. The sound C. Both A and B
( )5. The best title for the passage is“___”.
A. Smart ways in Singapore City B. A smart map in London
C. Smart cities
In smart cities of China, you may turn on a light just by talking to it. Or you can visit different places in a self-driving car. What about smart cities outside of China? Let's take a look at some of them.
London, the UK London has many new ways to use data. One of its creative examples is an app. It shows a clean air route map of the city. The map has three different-coloured routes: red, orange and green. If people have to go out on a day with bad air, they can find out the green route with the cleanest air.
Singapore City, Republic of Singapore The "Garden City" has smart ways to make the city children-friendly. In some libraries, sensors(传感器)and projectors(投影仪)help kids listen to stories in cool ways. When a teacher tells a story about a tiger and makes a pose of the animal, a picture of a tiger will show on the wall. Kids will also hear a tiger roar(吼叫)。 These make the stories more lively.
( )1. If you want to turn on a light in some smart cities in China, you can ___.
A. take a self-driving car B. talk to it C. take a look
( )2. The map in London has three different-coloured routes:_______.
A. red, orange and blue B. red, yellow and green C. red, orange and green
( )3. In some ___ in Singapore City, sensors and projectors help kids listen to stories in cool ways.
A. libraries B. hospitals C. post offices
( )4. ___ make(s) the stories more lively.
A. The picture on the wall B. The sound C. Both A and B
( )5. The best title for the passage is“___”.
A. Smart ways in Singapore City B. A smart map in London
C. Smart cities
答案
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中外智能城市的阅读理解题，解题核心是根据题目关键词定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息来选择答案。具体思路如下：
1. 第1题：根据题干中“turn on a light in some smart cities in China”定位到第一段第一句，直接获取开灯的方式；
2. 第2题：根据“London”“three different-coloured routes”定位到伦敦部分的描述，找到对应颜色；
3. 第3题：根据“Singapore City”“sensors and projectors”定位到新加坡部分的内容，确定地点；
4. 第4题：根据“make the stories more lively”定位到新加坡段落中相关描述，明确是图片和声音共同的作用；
5. 第5题：需要归纳全文主旨，文章先介绍中国智能城市，再介绍伦敦、新加坡的智能城市，所以标题要涵盖全文内容，不能只聚焦某一个城市的内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“In smart cities of China, you may turn on a light just by talking to it.”可知，开灯的方式是和灯说话，选项A（坐自动驾驶汽车）、C（看一看）均不符合原文，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据伦敦部分的描述“The map has three different-coloured routes: red, orange and green.”可知，路线颜色是红、橙、绿，选项A（蓝）、B（黄）不符合原文，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据新加坡部分的内容“In some libraries, sensors(传感器)and projectors(投影仪)help kids listen to stories in cool ways.”可知，传感器和投影仪在图书馆里，选项B（医院）、C（邮局）不符合原文，故选A。
4. 第4题：根据新加坡段落中“a picture of a tiger will show on the wall. Kids will also hear a tiger roar(吼叫)。 These make the stories more lively.”可知，墙上的图片和老虎的吼声共同让故事更生动，所以A和B都正确，故选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇介绍中国的智能城市，随后分别介绍伦敦、新加坡的智能城市相关内容，整体围绕“智能城市”展开，选项A仅讲新加坡，选项B仅讲伦敦的地图，都不能概括全文，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找、主旨大意归纳、跨文化认知
【点评】
本文围绕“智能城市”这一主题，介绍了中外不同城市的智能举措，既考查了学生提取细节信息的能力，也考查了归纳主旨的能力，同时能帮助学生了解不同国家的智能城市建设，培养文化意识。题目设置贴合原文，难度适中，大部分题目可通过定位原文直接找到答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍中外智能城市的阅读理解题，解题核心是根据题目关键词定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息来选择答案。具体思路如下：
1. 第1题：根据题干中“turn on a light in some smart cities in China”定位到第一段第一句，直接获取开灯的方式；
2. 第2题：根据“London”“three different-coloured routes”定位到伦敦部分的描述，找到对应颜色；
3. 第3题：根据“Singapore City”“sensors and projectors”定位到新加坡部分的内容，确定地点；
4. 第4题：根据“make the stories more lively”定位到新加坡段落中相关描述，明确是图片和声音共同的作用；
5. 第5题：需要归纳全文主旨，文章先介绍中国智能城市，再介绍伦敦、新加坡的智能城市，所以标题要涵盖全文内容，不能只聚焦某一个城市的内容。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第一段“In smart cities of China, you may turn on a light just by talking to it.”可知，开灯的方式是和灯说话，选项A（坐自动驾驶汽车）、C（看一看）均不符合原文，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据伦敦部分的描述“The map has three different-coloured routes: red, orange and green.”可知，路线颜色是红、橙、绿，选项A（蓝）、B（黄）不符合原文，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据新加坡部分的内容“In some libraries, sensors(传感器)and projectors(投影仪)help kids listen to stories in cool ways.”可知，传感器和投影仪在图书馆里，选项B（医院）、C（邮局）不符合原文，故选A。
4. 第4题：根据新加坡段落中“a picture of a tiger will show on the wall. Kids will also hear a tiger roar(吼叫)。 These make the stories more lively.”可知，墙上的图片和老虎的吼声共同让故事更生动，所以A和B都正确，故选C。
5. 第5题：文章开篇介绍中国的智能城市，随后分别介绍伦敦、新加坡的智能城市相关内容，整体围绕“智能城市”展开，选项A仅讲新加坡，选项B仅讲伦敦的地图，都不能概括全文，故选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找、主旨大意归纳、跨文化认知
【点评】
本文围绕“智能城市”这一主题，介绍了中外不同城市的智能举措，既考查了学生提取细节信息的能力，也考查了归纳主旨的能力，同时能帮助学生了解不同国家的智能城市建设，培养文化意识。题目设置贴合原文，难度适中，大部分题目可通过定位原文直接找到答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
