训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：航天与航空 难度：★★★ 建议用时：6 min 正确率： /5
or good danger through in fact
Space stations don't have normal night and day, and there is little room with almost zero gravity(重力). Because of this, space stations aren't the 1 places to get a good night's rest. The astronaut Scott Kelly said that he had to tie his sleeping bag to a seat 2 the wall just to feel more like he was in a normal bed. However, the sun would still come 3 the window, so he would always wear an eye mask to sleep.
The astronauts have 8.5 hours a day to rest, but 4, they only sleep for less than 6 hours. Not getting enough sleep is very 5 for astronauts. It stops them from thinking clearly.
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训练1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空站面临的睡眠问题。
1. best 根据上文“Space stations don't have normal night and day, and there is little room with almost zero gravity.”可知太空站没有正常的白天和黑夜,空间小,处于失重状态,由此可知太空站并不是休息的最好的地方;根据空前“the”可知此处应用最高级。故填best。
2. or 根据语境“a seat 2 the wall”可知他不得不把睡袋绑在椅子或墙上,才感觉更像在一张正常的床上睡觉。故填or。
3. through 根据空后“so he would always wear an eye mask to sleep”可知他总是戴着眼罩睡觉,因为阳光仍然会通过窗户照进来。故填through。
4. in fact 根据空后“they only sleep for less than 6 hours”可知实际上他们睡眠不足6个小时。故填in fact。
5. dangerous 根据下文“It stops them from thinking clearly.”可知睡眠不足会阻止他们清晰思考,由此可知睡眠不足很危险。故填dangerous。

【分析】首先通读全文，把握文章主旨：本文是说明文，介绍太空站宇航员的睡眠问题。然后结合上下文语境、词汇提示、语法规则（如最高级、词性转换、固定搭配）逐一分析每个空格：1. 需根据上文描述太空站的特点，判断此处用形容词最高级；2. 需理解“绑在椅子或墙上”的选择关系，用并列连词；3. 需表达阳光穿过窗户的含义，用介词；4. 需对应前文“有8.5小时休息时间”与后文“睡眠不足6小时”的实际情况，用固定短语；5. 需根据后文“阻止清晰思考”判断睡眠不足的性质，用形容词。
【解析】1. 上文提到太空站没有正常昼夜、空间小且失重，说明太空站不是休息的最好地方，空前有定冠词the，故用good的最高级best；2. 此处表示“把睡袋绑在椅子或者墙上”，表选择关系，用or；3. 阳光从窗户内部穿过，用介词through；4. 前文说有8.5小时休息时间，后文转折说明实际睡眠不足6小时，用固定短语in fact；5. 后文提到睡眠不足会阻止清晰思考，说明对宇航员很危险，danger的形容词形式为dangerous。
【答案】1. best 2. or 3. through 4. in fact 5. dangerous
【知识点】完形填空词汇运用、介词与固定短语、形容词辨析
【点评】本题为航天主题的说明文完形填空，考查学生对上下文逻辑的理解、词汇的适当形式及固定搭配的掌握，需结合语境和语法规则解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

训练2 体裁：说明文 主题：宠物 难度：★★★ 建议用时：6 min 正确率： /5
tie miss high set up fight with
Shopping with your dog can be fun. But what if the store doesn't allow furry friends? A dog parking lot might come in handy.
Shanghai's Xuhui District 1 a dog parking near a shopping mall. This is to allow pet owners to shop more freely. The dog parking space has an apple-shaped structure with three bone-shaped handles(把手). Owners can 2 their pets to the handles for a moment while shopping.
The pet parking area was heatedly discussed online. Some people spoke 3 of Shanghai for its pet-friendly environment. Others, however, had worries. They said that dogs might have the risk of 4 each other. There's also the risk of dogs going 5. A storekeeper explained that staff in the shop would help look after pets if needed.
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训练2 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海徐汇区购物中心附近的宠物停车场的优点和潜在问题。
1. sets up 根据空后“a dog parking near a shopping mall”可知上海徐汇区建立了一个狗狗停车场;set up 表示“建立”,根据空后“is”可知句子时态是一般现在时。故填 sets up。
2. tie 根据空后“their pets to the handles”可知主人可以在购物时把宠物绑在把手上;情态动词 can 后接动词原形。故填 tie。
3. highly 根据空后“its pet-friendly environment”可知有些人称赞上海的宠物友好环境;speak highly of 表示“称赞”。故填 highly。
4. fighting with 根据上文“Others, however, had worries.”可知其他人担心狗可能会互相打架;have the risk of doing sth 表示“有做某事的风险”。故填 fighting with。
5. missing 根据空前“There's also the risk of dogs going”可知也有丢失狗的风险;go missing 表示“丢失”。故填 missing。

【分析】这是一篇关于宠物停车场的说明文选词填空题，需结合语境、语法规则、固定搭配及给定词汇（tie, miss, high, set up, fight with）解题。先通读全文把握大意，再逐个分析每个空的句子结构、所需词义/词性，匹配对应词汇并调整形式：1空需表“建立”的动词短语，结合时态调整形式；2空前有情态动词，需用动词原形；3空考查固定搭配，需词性转换；4空后接动名词，结合语境选对应短语；5空考查固定搭配。
【解析】1. 空1：根据语境“上海徐汇区在购物中心附近建立狗狗停车场”，短语set up意为“建立”，句子为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填sets up；2. 空2：情态动词can后接动词原形，tie...to...表示“把……绑在……上”，符合主人购物时固定宠物的语境，故填tie；3. 空3：固定搭配speak highly of意为“称赞”，此处需副词修饰动词speak，将形容词high变为副词highly，故填highly；4. 空4：固定搭配have the risk of doing sth意为“有做某事的风险”，fight with each other表示“互相打架”，故填fighting with；5. 空5：固定搭配go missing意为“丢失”，符合狗有丢失风险的语境，故填missing。
【答案】1. sets up 2. tie 3. highly 4. fighting with 5. missing
【知识点】选词填空、固定搭配、一般现在时
【点评】本题围绕宠物停车场话题，考查动词短语、固定搭配及词性变化，需结合语境和语法知识作答，难度适中，有助于提升词汇运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6

训练3 | 体裁：说明文 | 主题：科幻故事 | 难度：★★★★ | 建议用时：6 min | 正确率： /5
power include complete situation turn to
Science fiction and fantasy are different in their content and themes(主题). Science fiction stories often tell about science and technology of the future. The science and technology in these stories have some bases(基础) in actual science and fact. The stories shouldn't be 1 unbelievable. The settings for these stories are often in the future on Earth, in space, or in a different world. So the 2 in the story are different from what could happen today.
In fantasy, things happen that could not happen in the real world. Magic is a large part of fantasy stories. Characters may have supernatural 3. Witches, wizards, and superheroes are often characters in fantasies. Common themes in fantasies 4 battles(战斗) between good and evil or greed and unselfishness. Sometimes the whole story is set in a fantasy world. Sometimes the story starts in the real world but 5 a fantasy world.
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训练3 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻故事和奇幻故事在内容和主题上的不同。
1. completely 根据上文“The science and technology in these stories have some bases in actual science and fact.”可知科幻故事的科学和技术有一定的现实科学依据,由此可知科幻故事不应该完全难以置信;修饰空后形容词“unbelievable”,应用副词。故填 completely。
2. situations 根据上文“The settings for these stories are often in the future on Earth, in space, or in a different world.”可知科幻故事的背景通常在未来的地球、太空或另一个世界,由此可知故事的情况与当今不同;根据空后“are”可知此处应用名词的复数形式。故填 situations。
3. powers 根据下文“Witches, wizards, and superheroes are often characters in fantasies.”可知奇幻故事的常见角色女巫、巫师和超级英雄都有超能力。故填 powers。
4. include 根据空后“battles between good and evil or greed and unselfishness”可知奇幻故事的常见主题包括善与恶或贪婪与无私的斗争。故填 include。
5. turns to 根据上文“Sometimes the whole story is set in a fantasy world.”可知有时奇幻故事设定在幻想世界,有时故事从现实世界开始,再变成幻想世界;根据空前“starts”可知句子时态是一般现在时。故填 turns to。

【分析】首先通读全文，明确文章为介绍科幻故事与奇幻故事区别的说明文，需先掌握方框内词汇/短语的含义：power（力量，此处指超能力）、include（包含）、complete（完全的）、situation（情况）、turn to（转向）。解题时，需结合每个空的上下文语境、词性要求及语法规则（如修饰形容词用副词、名词单复数匹配be动词、动词时态一致等），逐一确定词汇的正确形式。
【解析】1. 空后为形容词unbelievable，需用副词修饰，结合语境“科幻故事有现实科学依据，不应完全难以置信”，故将形容词complete变为副词completely；2. 空后be动词为are，主语需用复数名词，结合上文“科幻故事背景多样”，故填名词situation的复数形式situations；3. 下文提到女巫、巫师、超级英雄，对应“超能力”，power表示“超能力”时用复数形式powers；4. 主语Common themes为复数，谓语动词用原形，结合语境“奇幻故事主题包含善恶斗争”，故填动词原形include；5. 句子时态为一般现在时，主语the story为第三人称单数，结合语境“故事从现实世界转向幻想世界”，故填动词短语turn to的第三人称单数形式turns to。
【答案】1. completely 2. situations 3. powers 4. include 5. turns to
【知识点】词汇运用、说明文阅读
【点评】本题为说明文语境下的选词填空题，需结合上下文语义、词性转换及语法规则完成填空，重点考查词汇的灵活运用能力，要求学生准确理解文章内容与词汇含义。
【难度系数】0.4