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三、阅读理解。
Word Museum
Do you know the meaning of a word may change over time? Many
English words we know now had different meanings a long time ago. One
example is the word nice.
Around the year 1300, nice was first used in English to mean "stupid". Two hundred years later, nice began to carry a "better" meaning. If
people said a book was nice, they meant that the writer wrote the book in a
"careful" way, not "stupid" anymore. After 1800, nice began to take its new
meanings like "kind" or "friendly". From then on, people thought of nice as a
word with "good" meanings.
A "good" change of a word's meaning like this example of nice is called
AMELIORATION. We don't use nice to mean "stupid" anymore, but it is fun
to know how much a word's meaning can change from its start!
For more examples of AMELIORATION, see next page.
(
A. The right way to use nice.
B. The start of using the word nice.
C. The changing meanings of nice.
D. The different meanings of nice now.
(
A. It started to mean "kind" around 1300.
B. It was first used in English around 1500.
C. It still keeps its old meaning "stupid" now.
D. It had "bad" meanings around the year 1400.
(
A. In a newspaper. B. In a storybook.
C. On the internet. D. In a dictionary.
Word Museum
Do you know the meaning of a word may change over time? Many
English words we know now had different meanings a long time ago. One
example is the word nice.
Around the year 1300, nice was first used in English to mean "stupid". Two hundred years later, nice began to carry a "better" meaning. If
people said a book was nice, they meant that the writer wrote the book in a
"careful" way, not "stupid" anymore. After 1800, nice began to take its new
meanings like "kind" or "friendly". From then on, people thought of nice as a
word with "good" meanings.
A "good" change of a word's meaning like this example of nice is called
AMELIORATION. We don't use nice to mean "stupid" anymore, but it is fun
to know how much a word's meaning can change from its start!
For more examples of AMELIORATION, see next page.
(
C
)1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The right way to use nice.
B. The start of using the word nice.
C. The changing meanings of nice.
D. The different meanings of nice now.
(
D
)2. What can we learn about the word nice?A. It started to mean "kind" around 1300.
B. It was first used in English around 1500.
C. It still keeps its old meaning "stupid" now.
D. It had "bad" meanings around the year 1400.
(
C
)3. Where can you read this passage?A. In a newspaper. B. In a storybook.
C. On the internet. D. In a dictionary.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.C
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解首先先通读全文，抓住核心主题是介绍英文单词nice的词义随时间的演变，以及词义褒义化的语言现象。之后逐题对应题干要求回原文定位信息：第一题问第二段主旨，梳理第二段的时间线就能发现全段围绕nice不同阶段的词义变化展开；第二题需要把每个选项和原文给出的时间、词义细节逐一比对，排除错误选项得到正确答案；第三题观察文末的特殊排版特征，判断文章的载体来源即可。
【解析】
1. 第二段按照时间顺序，先后介绍了1300年nice表示“愚蠢的”、之后表示“仔细的”、1800年后表示“善良友好的”，全程都在讲解nice的词义随时间的变化过程。A选项“nice的正确使用方法”原文完全未提及，B选项“nice的使用起源”只覆盖了段落开头部分内容，过于片面，D选项“nice现在的不同含义”也只对应段落末尾部分内容，均不符合主旨，因此选C。
2. 逐一核对选项：A选项，1300年nice的含义是“愚蠢的”，并非“善良的”，表述错误；B选项，原文明确说明nice大约在1300年首次在英语中使用，不是1500年，表述错误；C选项，原文提到“We don't use nice to mean 'stupid' anymore”，说明现在已经不再使用这个旧含义，表述错误；D选项，1300年nice是贬义的“愚蠢的”，200年后也就是1500年左右才开始出现正向含义，因此1400年左右它的含义还是贬义的“不好的”，表述正确，因此选D。
3. 原文最后“next page”是带下划线的超链接样式，是网页内容的典型特征，说明这篇内容是在互联网网页上呈现的。报纸、故事书、纸质字典都不会出现这种超链接标注形式，因此选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨判断，阅读理解细节定位，文体出处判断
【点评】
这是一篇介绍英语语言词义演变现象的说明文，整体难度偏低，重点考察学生快速梳理段落主旨、精准匹配原文细节信息的能力，易错点是第2题的时间推算，部分学生容易忽略“1300年之后过200年才出现正向含义”这个时间节点，误判1400年的词义属性。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这篇阅读理解首先先通读全文，抓住核心主题是介绍英文单词nice的词义随时间的演变，以及词义褒义化的语言现象。之后逐题对应题干要求回原文定位信息：第一题问第二段主旨，梳理第二段的时间线就能发现全段围绕nice不同阶段的词义变化展开；第二题需要把每个选项和原文给出的时间、词义细节逐一比对，排除错误选项得到正确答案；第三题观察文末的特殊排版特征，判断文章的载体来源即可。
【解析】
1. 第二段按照时间顺序，先后介绍了1300年nice表示“愚蠢的”、之后表示“仔细的”、1800年后表示“善良友好的”，全程都在讲解nice的词义随时间的变化过程。A选项“nice的正确使用方法”原文完全未提及，B选项“nice的使用起源”只覆盖了段落开头部分内容，过于片面，D选项“nice现在的不同含义”也只对应段落末尾部分内容，均不符合主旨，因此选C。
2. 逐一核对选项：A选项，1300年nice的含义是“愚蠢的”，并非“善良的”，表述错误；B选项，原文明确说明nice大约在1300年首次在英语中使用，不是1500年，表述错误；C选项，原文提到“We don't use nice to mean 'stupid' anymore”，说明现在已经不再使用这个旧含义，表述错误；D选项，1300年nice是贬义的“愚蠢的”，200年后也就是1500年左右才开始出现正向含义，因此1400年左右它的含义还是贬义的“不好的”，表述正确，因此选D。
3. 原文最后“next page”是带下划线的超链接样式，是网页内容的典型特征，说明这篇内容是在互联网网页上呈现的。报纸、故事书、纸质字典都不会出现这种超链接标注形式，因此选C。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解主旨判断，阅读理解细节定位，文体出处判断
【点评】
这是一篇介绍英语语言词义演变现象的说明文，整体难度偏低，重点考察学生快速梳理段落主旨、精准匹配原文细节信息的能力，易错点是第2题的时间推算，部分学生容易忽略“1300年之后过200年才出现正向含义”这个时间节点，误判1400年的词义属性。
【难度系数】
0.7
