E
Smoke Pollution in Your Home
serious proper breathe in danger especial
Do you ever get a bad cough that won’t go away? Do you have trouble _1_? Do your eyes hurt when you or your parents are cooking? The air in your home could cause these problems. In fact, smoke and other kinds of air pollution can cause serious illnesses or make them worse.
Everyone knows that there is air pollution in the street, but it’s a shock when you discover that you are also _2_ from pollution in your own home.
Many people, _3_ those who live in villages in the countryside, burn coal or wood on an open fire. This can be really dangerous, because there are harmful chemicals(化学物质) in the smoke from both wood and coal and they can _4_ pollute the air in your home. When you breathe in these chemicals, they can harm your lungs(肺) and other parts of your body. Experts think that about 50 percent of open fires are dangerous, because chimneys(烟囱) don’t work _5_ and too much smoke stays in the house.
avoid get into second move harm
Gas and other fuels that people use for cooking can also be _6_. Again, the problem is common that fresh air doesn’t _7_ your own home.
There are things you can do to reduce(减少) the amount of bad air in your home. Of course you have to keep warm and you can’t stop cooking, but you can reduce the amount of bad air you breathe.
First of all, _8_ smoky areas as much as you can. Although it is important for adults to stay away from smoke, it is especially important for children. _9_, if an open fire or cooking causes smoke in your home, find a way to fix it. Make sure that there is a way for smoke _10_ quickly out of the room. To do this, you may need to move your cooker. And you definitely need to open your windows more often, even in winter. You’ll be glad you did it!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. breathing
2. in danger
3. especially
4. seriously
5. properly
6. harmful
7. get into
8. avoid
9. Secondly
10. to move

【分析】
解题时首先通读全文，明确本文主题是介绍室内烟雾污染的危害以及对应的防护方法。接下来先梳理题干给出的两栏备选词汇，预判每个词汇可能的词性变形方向，之后逐空结合上下文语义、固定搭配、句子成分判断空格所需的词性和词义：首先优先定位有明确固定搭配线索的空格，再根据修饰关系判断是否需要将形容词转换为副词、动词转换为名词/动名词，遇到前后文有逻辑提示的部分匹配对应的连接词，最后代入所有答案通读全文，检查语义是否通顺、语法是否正确，验证答案合理性。
【解析】
1. 空1：考查固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth，表示“做某事有困难”，结合前文提到久咳不愈的语境，对应“呼吸有困难”，将动词breathe变为动名词形式breathing。
2. 空2：前文点明室外存在空气污染，转折后表示你在自己家中也处于污染带来的危险中，固定搭配be in danger from... 表示“处于来自……的危险中”，填in danger。
3. 空3：此处是对前文“很多人”的范围做递进强调，意为“尤其是住在农村村落的人”，将形容词especial变为副词especially作状语，填especially。
4. 空4：此处需要副词修饰后面的动词pollute（污染），表达“严重污染室内空气”的含义，将形容词serious变为副词seriously，填seriously。
5. 空5：此处需要副词修饰前面的动词work（运作），表示烟囱无法正常运作，将形容词proper变为副词properly，填properly。
6. 空6：be动词后需要形容词作表语，意为“做饭使用的燃气和其他燃料也可能是有害的”，将动词harm变为形容词harmful，填harmful。
7. 空7：助动词doesn't后需要跟动词原形，结合语境“新鲜空气无法进入室内”，匹配短语get into，填get into。
8. 空8：本句为祈使句，句首需要用动词原形，结合后文“远离烟雾”的提示，表达“尽可能避开烟雾区域”的含义，填动词avoid。
9. 空9：前文出现逻辑标识First of all（首先），对应引出第二点建议的逻辑连接词，将基数词second变为副词Secondly，意为“其次”，填Secondly。
10. 空10：考查固定结构a way for sth to do sth，表示“供某物做某事的通道/方式”，此处意为“要有让烟雾快速移出房间的通道”，填to move。
【答案】
1. breathing
2. in danger
3. especially
4. seriously
5. properly
6. harmful
7. get into
8. avoid
9. Secondly
10. to move
【知识点】
1. 固定搭配
2. 词形转换
3. 行文逻辑
【点评】
本题是典型的选词型短文填空题，既考查学生对整篇语篇主题的理解能力，也重点考察常见固定搭配的识记、词性转换规则的运用。解题时不能直接选词硬套，需要先判断空格在句子中充当的成分、确定所需词性，再结合上下文语义筛选匹配词汇，还要注意变形后的形式完全符合语法规则，避免出现形式类失分。
【难度系数】
0.6