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二、阅读短文，选出与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A penguin not only wears a white shirt and a black jacket, but also has a smart yellow tie! Maybe because of this, there are many stories about penguins. However, many of these stories are not right. For example, some penguins in the stories live in the Arctic Circle（北极圈）. In real life, there are no wild penguins in the northern hemisphere（北半球）.
There are about twenty different kinds of penguins in the world. Penguins usually live not only on land, but on snow and ice as well. In fact, many penguins spend most of their lives staying in the sea. And most penguins like to live in open water with no ice.
Do penguins sing songs? It is known that there are three kinds of penguin songs. They talk with each other by singing songs. But most of them don't talk all the time because talking cuts down energy. So we often see penguins in small groups walking freely, or quietly resting on the beach in the sun.
（）1. This passage mainly talks about .
A. three kinds of penguin songs
B. penguins
C. different kinds of penguins
D. where penguins live
（）2. How many kinds of penguins are there in the world according to the passage?
A. About 20.
B. 30.
C. 40.
D. About 10.
（）3. Wild penguins don't live .
A. in the Arctic Circle
B. on land
C. in the sea
D. on snow and ice
（）4. How do penguins talk to each other?
A. By crying loud.
B. By singing songs.
C. By dancing.
D. By smiling.
（）5. Why don't penguins talk all the time?
A. Because they feel cold.
B. Because they like sleeping.
C. Because they like to be quiet.
D. Because talking cuts down energy.
A penguin not only wears a white shirt and a black jacket, but also has a smart yellow tie! Maybe because of this, there are many stories about penguins. However, many of these stories are not right. For example, some penguins in the stories live in the Arctic Circle（北极圈）. In real life, there are no wild penguins in the northern hemisphere（北半球）.
There are about twenty different kinds of penguins in the world. Penguins usually live not only on land, but on snow and ice as well. In fact, many penguins spend most of their lives staying in the sea. And most penguins like to live in open water with no ice.
Do penguins sing songs? It is known that there are three kinds of penguin songs. They talk with each other by singing songs. But most of them don't talk all the time because talking cuts down energy. So we often see penguins in small groups walking freely, or quietly resting on the beach in the sun.
（）1. This passage mainly talks about .
A. three kinds of penguin songs
B. penguins
C. different kinds of penguins
D. where penguins live
（）2. How many kinds of penguins are there in the world according to the passage?
A. About 20.
B. 30.
C. 40.
D. About 10.
（）3. Wild penguins don't live .
A. in the Arctic Circle
B. on land
C. in the sea
D. on snow and ice
（）4. How do penguins talk to each other?
A. By crying loud.
B. By singing songs.
C. By dancing.
D. By smiling.
（）5. Why don't penguins talk all the time?
A. Because they feel cold.
B. Because they like sleeping.
C. Because they like to be quiet.
D. Because talking cuts down energy.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，包含主旨大意题和细节理解题。解题思路：1. 先通读短文，把握每段核心内容；2. 针对不同题型采用对应方法：主旨题需总结全文围绕的核心话题，细节题需根据题干关键词回原文定位，找到对应信息后匹配选项。
【解析】1. 主旨大意题：短文依次介绍了企鹅的分布、种类、生活环境、交流方式等内容，核心围绕“企鹅”展开，A仅涉及企鹅歌曲，C仅涉及种类，D仅涉及栖息地，均片面，故选B。2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“how many kinds”定位到第二段第一句“There are about twenty different kinds of penguins in the world.”，可知约20种，故选A。3. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“wild penguins don't live”定位到第一段最后一句“there are no wild penguins in the northern hemisphere（北半球）”，北极圈属于北半球，因此野生企鹅不生活在北极圈，故选A。4. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“talk to each other”定位到第三段“They talk with each other by singing songs.”，可知通过唱歌交流，故选B。5. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“don't talk all the time”定位到第三段“But most of them don't talk all the time because talking cuts down energy.”，可知原因是消耗能量，故选D。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本题为科普类英语阅读理解，题目以细节考查为主，仅1道主旨题，难度适中，要求学生具备快速定位原文关键信息的能力，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 主旨大意题：短文依次介绍了企鹅的分布、种类、生活环境、交流方式等内容，核心围绕“企鹅”展开，A仅涉及企鹅歌曲，C仅涉及种类，D仅涉及栖息地，均片面，故选B。2. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“how many kinds”定位到第二段第一句“There are about twenty different kinds of penguins in the world.”，可知约20种，故选A。3. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“wild penguins don't live”定位到第一段最后一句“there are no wild penguins in the northern hemisphere（北半球）”，北极圈属于北半球，因此野生企鹅不生活在北极圈，故选A。4. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“talk to each other”定位到第三段“They talk with each other by singing songs.”，可知通过唱歌交流，故选B。5. 细节理解题：根据题干关键词“don't talk all the time”定位到第三段“But most of them don't talk all the time because talking cuts down energy.”，可知原因是消耗能量，故选D。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】本题为科普类英语阅读理解，题目以细节考查为主，仅1道主旨题，难度适中，要求学生具备快速定位原文关键信息的能力，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
